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RESPIRATORY (PULMONARY VALUES (VC: Vital Capacity is the amount of air a…

- - - - FUNCTIONS:
        
        Serves as a passageway for air
        
        prevents ingested materials from entering the respiratory tract
        
        produces sound for speech
        
        assist in increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity
        
        participates in both a sneeze & cough reflex
      - ANATOMY
        
        CARTILAGES
        
        thyroid
        
        largest laryngeal cartilage/ forms anterior & lateral walls of larynx
        
        larger in males(Adam's apple)
        
        cricoid
        
        inferior to the thyroid cartilage
        
        epiglottis
        
        large leaf shaped, anchored to the inner part of the thyroid cartilage/closes when food is passing through so it doesn't get in the trachea
        
        Arytenoid
        
        three small, paired cartilages
        
        cuneiform
        
        located internally
  - - - RIGHT- Shorter, wider
        
        foreign particles can easily get lodge in the right bronchi
    - - extend into each lobe of lungs
      - right lung has three lobes & three lobar bronchi
    - - Right lung has about 10 segmental bronchi
      - left lung has about 8 to 10 segmental bronchi
  - - - Terminal bronchioles are the last portion of the conducting zone
      - Respiratory bronchioles is the first segment to the respiratory zone
  - - - pulmonary capillaries surround the alveolus to facilitate gas exchange
      - Alveolar type 1 cell is simple squamous
      - Alveolar type is cubodial-shaped
- - - - NASOPHARYNX
        
        Superiormost: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
        
        usually air only passes through, but food/water can pass through causing coughing which can make it come out of the nose.
      - OROPHARYNX
        
        Middle region: extends from soft palate superiorly to the hyoid bone inferiorly
        
        palatine tonsils & lingual tonsils: provides defense against ingested against ingested or inhaled foreign materials
      - LARYNGOPARYNX
        
        Inferior, narrowed region: extends from hyoid bone to both the larynx and the esophagus