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Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (1973 Yom Kippur War (After 1967 war, PLO…
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Why did the British hand Palestine over to the UN?
Violence against the British
1946: British army headquarters in the King David Hotel attacked by Jewish fighters
1945 Labour Government: committed to allow more countries to rule themselves
1947 - 48: withdrawal from Palestine, India, Pakistan, Burma, Ceylon
British economy in ruin
Plans for social reforms: NHS and welfare state
Public opinion was sick of violence and loss of life
Jewish state of Israel proclaimed when the British left
1948-49 War
14 May, 1948: Ben-Gurion announces state of Israel = Arab countries declare war
Consequences
Jewish state apparent
Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem and West Bank out of Israeli control
Majority of Arab-Palestinians became refugees
Arab governments humiliated
1949: Syrian government overthrown
1951: King Abdullah of Jordan assassinated
1952: King Farouk of Egypt lost power
29 October 1956: Israeli invasion of the Sinai peninsula
5 November: Britain and France invade Egypt and take control of Suez canal
UN condemned Britain, France and Israel
Consequences
Nasser gained prestige for defying Britain and France
Soviet Union admired by many radical Arabs
Israel won back support of America
Success of Israel proved how formidable it was
Six Day War, 1967
Nasser ordered UN forces out of Egypt
Closed Gulf of Aqaba, blockading port of Eilat
Troop movements by Lebanon, Syria and Jordan on Israeli border.
Israel attacked and won in six days
Israeli occupied Gaza Strip
November 1967: UN pass Resolution 242 (basis of Palestinian demands)
Withdrawal of Israel from occupied territories
Acknowledgement of sovereignity, territorial integrity and political independence of every state in the Middle East
Just settlement of refugee problem
1973 Yom Kippur War
After 1967 war, PLO (Palestine Liberation Organisation) emerges
Hjacking of planes
Kidnapping of high-ranking officials
6 October: Egyptian forces capture territory in the Sinai and Syrian forces capture the Golan heights
Egyptians used SAMs (Surface-to-Air Missiles) which acted as a shield for the Egyptian land forces. They were based on the west side of the Suez Canal.
OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) decided to use oil as an economic weapon.
Price of oil raised by 70%
Saudi Arabia cut its production by 10%
The USA, USSR and the UN put pressure on the combatants and a ceasfire was reached on 24 October
Showed that the Israelis were not unbeatable
UN Resolution 338
Implementation of Resolution 242
All parties concerned should aim at negotiating a just and lasting peace in the Middle East
Camp David Accord, 1978
Egyptian President Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, US President Carter signed the Camp David Peace Accords
Established a framework for a historic peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979.
Oslo Peace Accords 1993
First formal mutual recognition between Israel and PLO
Established that bilateral negotiations were the only viable path to a Palestinian statehood