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Tetanus (Clinical Signs & Symptoms (Severe pain associated with muscle…
Tetanus
Etiology
Wound exposure to a toxin produced by clostridium tetani, an anaerobic bacterium found in soil
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Pathophysiology
Tetanus toxin blocks the inhibitory motor autonomic neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in intense muscle spasms and sympathetic overactivity
Once the toxins become fixed with the neurons, it cannot be cured by antitoxins. New synapses and nerve terminals are required to restore nerve functions
Toxins does not affect sensory neurons, so patients remain fully aware and typically experience severe pain
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Respiratory Management
If ventilation and upper airway function are compromised, recommend intubation, mechanical ventilation and intensive care
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If benzo is ineffective, recommend nondepolarizing agents (roniums)