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The major functions of nDNA: (replication (makingcopies, some of which are…
The major functions of nDNA:
replication
(makingcopies, some of which are used in reproduction)
protein synthesis
(making new proteins to replace others)
egulation
(of replication & of protein synthesis)
DNA replication
:
the double helix unzips
unattached nucleotide bases, each with an attached sugar & phosphate, are drawn to their complement on the unzipped double helix
the idea is to end up with an exact copy of the chromosome
One type of DNA replication is called
mitosis
.
This process:•
creates two diploid cells (46 chromosomes each in humans)
The other type of DNA replication is called
meiosis.
this is the process in which
gametes are produced
creates four haploid cells
Meiosis is important because it:• is the mechanism underlying sexual reproduction & thus heredity• has lots of potential for generating variation in the gene pool
There are several possibilities for variation.
one is
recombination
= different combinations of the chromosomes from the parents
Other sources of variation
during meiosis are:
Crossing over
= genetic material on a chromosome from one parent is exchanged with the same section of the matching chromosome from the other parent
translocation
= parts of different chromosomes are exchanged
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