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Cell Death (Apoptosis, Necrosis) (Steps of Cell & Tissue Death…
Cell Death (Apoptosis, Necrosis)
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Necrosis
Process of cell death, manifests as specific tissue appearances, depending on the type of tissue & cause of death
2) Liquefactive
Usually occurs in brain due to fatal injury of neurons & glial cells causing release of lysosomal enzymes (Which digest & liquify tissue). Tissue has pockets of liquid, bacteria & debris in cyst-like sacs
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1) Coagulative
Most common type of necrosis; seen in ischemic heart & kidney. Tissue is firm, gelatinous & opaque due to lack of blood supply & protein denaturation. Cells lack a nucleus & tissue may be retained.
Caseous Necrosis
Tissue becomes, crumbly & cheese-like in appearance; surrounded by inflammatory cells & features complete destruction of tissue. Seen in lungs & kidneys; caused by TB, syphilis & certain fungi
Possible Outcomes
3) Replacement by Hyaline (Becomes glassy; made of non-cellular tissue); mostly occurs in proteinaceous tissue, but can also occur in non-proteinaceous tissue
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4) Calcification
Dystrophic
Calcium salts accumulating on dying/dead tissue or in unhealed, chronically damaged tissue (Can occur in lungs, joints, cardiovascular system). Can occur physiologically or pathologically. Happens in everyone, at some point…
Metastatic
Calcification due to calcium imbalance (can be hormonal) in the system w/ calcium precipitating in kidney, blood vessels & connective tissue.
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