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Chapter 2 (Neuron Anatomy (Ribosomes: Site of protein translation, Rough…
Chapter 2
Neuron Anatomy
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Rough ER: attached ribosomes, makes proteins used w/i plasma membrane or exocytosed
Smooth ER: folds proteins, regulates Ca concentration
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Classifying Neurons
Based on number of neurites (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar)
Based on connections (motor, sensory, interneurons)
Dendritic or synaptic morphologies (stellate, pyramidal, spiny, aspinous)
Axonal length (Golgi Type I long, Golgi Type II short)
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Glia
Schwann Cells
Myelinate Single Neuron, Peripheral Nervous system
Ependymal Cells
Line ventricular system, produce cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinate multiple neurons, central nervous system
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Astrocytes
Most numerous; envelop synapse and perform neurotransmitter reuptake; influence neuron growth; envelop BBB; K+ spatial buffering
Neuron Anatomy
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Soma: Cell body, contains organelles
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Cytoskeleton
Neurofilaments (Intermediate Filaments): Control thickness of neurites; enriched in axons; rope-like
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