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HISTORY/SCIENCE PT. 2 (methods of investigation (conclusions (ID…
HISTORY/SCIENCE PT. 2
methods of investigation
naturalistic observation
observe behavior in natural env.
limited to descriptions, no explanations
case studies
intense studies of an individual or group
spawns new research, atypical tho
limited generalizability(?)
surveys
shallow data from large samples
provide info on certain pop.
can be biased
can depend on wording
correlation observation
related behaviors are correlated
lowercase r
sign = direction, value = strength
not equal to causation
allow for other explanations
"illusory correlations"
experimentation
manipulate only a single factor + measure resulting change
IV: manipulated
DV: measured
making sense
summarize data
mean
median
mode
conclusions
ID probability the observable difference is bc of change
5% we conclude IV is responsible
evidence
anecdotal
based on subjective personal accounts
empirical
verifiable by experimentation, observations, etc.