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Measurement of Development (Economic Indicators of Development (Consumer…
Measurement of Development
Social Indicators of Development
Education and Literacy
Literacy Rate
Time Spent in School
Health and Welfare
People are healthier in MDCs than LDCs because when people get sick MDCs make needs to care for them
Total expenditures on health care can exceed 8% of GDP in MDCs compared less than 6% in LDCs
The health of population is influenced on diet
Government programs pay more than 70% of health care cost in European countries
Private individuals pay less than 30%
Economic Indicators of Development
Types of Jobs
Jobs fall into 3 categories
Secondary(manufacturing)
Primary(agriculture)
Tertiary(services)
Productivity
Can be measured by the value added per worker
Value added- in manufacturing is the gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials and energy
Raw Materials
Development needs access to raw
materials like minerals and trees
Consumer Goods
Transportation
Communication
Technological change can help reduce gap with access of communication between MDCs & LDCs
Gross Domestic Product Per Capita
the value of total output of goods and
services produced in country
Demographic Indicators of Development
Life Expectancy
Better health and welfare in developed
countries permit people live longer
Males can expect live 10 yrs longer in MDCs than LDCs
Females can expect live 13 yrs longer in MDCs
Infant Mortality Rate
About 94% of infants survive & 6% die in LDCs
In MDCs more than 99.5% survive and fewer than one-half of 1 percent die.
Natural Increase Rate
Greater natural increase rate strains
a country's ability to provide
Hospitals
Schools
Jobs
Crude Birth Rate
Compared to 11 per 1,000 in MDCs
Women in MDCs choose to have fewer babies for various economic and social reasons
The annual crude birth rate is 24 per 1,000 in LDCs
Crude death rate is lower in LDCs
2 reasons
Diffusion of medical technology from MDCs has eliminated incidence of disease in LDCs
MDCs have higher percentages of older people, who have high mortality rates and lower percentage of children who have low mortality rates