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Carcinogenesis (Causes of Cancer
(Ans: Everything) (Infection and Cancer,…
Carcinogenesis
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Carcinogenic agents
Exogenous
Inorganic
Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, etc.
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Endogenous
Estrogen, immune system - function/dysfunction
Physical agents
X-ray, UV light, Asbestos
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Stages
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Somatic cell mutation which is permanent if DNA damage not fixed before DNA synthesis and cell division
Initiated cells can:
- remain in static non-dividing state
- be deleted by apoptosis
- Undergo cell division resulting in proliferation
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Definition:
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Cancer - unregulated cell proliferation --> lack of differential cells --> local invasion of nearby cells (metastasis)
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Epigenetics - study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur independently of changes in the primary DNA sequence
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Incidence Differences
Examples
Japan has high rate in stomach cancer but first/second generations in new and different environment have different incidence rate based on the area's incidence rate.
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