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R&P 1 - ISLAM PRACTICES (5) Hajj - pilgrimage ka (3) Complete 7…
R&P 1 - ISLAM PRACTICES 
Jihad
Lesser Jihad - outward struggle to defend one's faith, family & country from threat
Holy war - fighting for a religious cause or God, probably controlled by religious leader
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Jihad - struggle against evil, inward personal struggle or outward collective struggle
Festivals
Id-ul-Fitr
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New clothes worn, special foods eaten & processions through streets, cards & presents exchanged
Id-ul-Adha
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Used to sacrifice an animal in memory of Ibrahim but in modern Britain donate money it would cost to buy ram to charity instead
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Ashura (tenth)
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Shi'a remember death of Husayn, grandson of Muhammad, as a martyr during battle at Karbala
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Sunni refer to it as Day of Atonement & remember it as day Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt
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The Five Pillars SSZSH - (Sunni - Islam)
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The Ten Obligatory Acts (Shi'a Islam) Ancillaries of the Faith
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4) Khums - literally means 1/5. So 20% income tax after expenses. Half for charity, half for religious leaders.
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9) Tawallah - to be loving towards friends of God, including Muhammad & the Imans
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2) Salah - prayer
Shi'a combine midday & afternoon, sunset & night = 3 x
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Sunni pray 5 set times of day - before sunrise, after midday, afternoon, after sunset, night
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Prayer significant because feel closer to God, focuses their lives.
1) Shahadah - the declaration of faith
"There is no God but Allah & Muhammad is the prophet of Allah." - (some add "& Ali is the friend of God" M's cousin)
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4) Sawm - fasting during Ramadan
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Exceptions - health reasons, pregnant women, nursing mothers & children.
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The Night of Power - festival that marks beginning of God's revelation to Muhammad through angel Jibril - if study & pray on this night Qur'an says better than 100 months. Not sure what exact date so pray more on odd days of final 10 days of Ramadan!
5) Hajj - pilgrimage
3) Complete 7 circuits of walk linking hills of Safa & Marwah which feature in story of Ibrahim - leading wife & child to place of no water - Hajira & Ishmael
Significance - promotes inner peace, emphasises unity & equality through tent accommodation & clothing, shows self-discipline as mentally & physically demanding, reminds them of examples set by Ibrahim, Hajira & Ishmael
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Can lead to forgiveness of sins, makes Muslims better people by being more aware God is watching them
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1) First enter sacred state called Ihram - performing ritual washing, praying & Ihram clothing (white cloth x 2)
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2) Circle Ka'aba anti-clockwise 7x & touch black stone built into it or raise hand to acknowledge it & recite pilgrims' prayer.
4) 13 mile walk/ride to Arafat (granite hill east of Mecca) & stop for night at Mina where pray & read Qur'an
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6) Throwing pebbles at Mina - throw pebbles at 3 stone walls representing devil & temptation & return to Ka'aba and circle 7 more times - then 2 more days at Mina reflecting on God's blessings
3) Zakah - charitable giving
Qur'an says give money to poor but not how much, scholars chose 2.5% of savings
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Muslims learn good attitude to money, share & not be greedy.
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