Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

CARDIOVASCULAR (2.HEMODYNAMICS (1.COMPONENTS OF THE VASCULATURE (5.VEINS,…

- - - - Elastic tissue & smooth muscle
      - High pressure
      - Stressed volume
    - - The highest resistance in the cardiovascular system
      - Smooth muscle
      - Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
        α1-adrenergic: skin, splanchnic, renal → ↓ diameter
        β2-adrenergic: skeletal muscle → ↑ diameter
    - - Largest total cross-sectional and surface area
      - Exchange of nutrients, water and gases
        Lipid-soluble: O2, CO2: dissolving and diffusing across the endothelial cell
        Water-soluble (ions) cross through water-filled clefts or large pores
      - Endothelial cells + basal lamina
    - - Formed from merged capillaries
    - - The highest proportion of the blood in the cardiovascular system
      - Unstressed volume
      - Low pressure
      - α1-adrenergic recceptors
  - - - Systemic circulation
      - total R decreases
      - pressure is the same
    - - Within an organ
      - total Blood flow is the same
      - pressure decreases
      - largest proportion of resistance is from arterioles
    - - N<2000: Laminar
        N>3000: Turbulent
      - RN ↑ → turbulence ↑→ bruits
      - RN↑
        Anemia: hematocrit ↓ → viscosity↓ , cardiac output ↑ → velocity ↑
        Thrombi: narrow the diameter → velocity ↑
      - N= pdv/Ƞ
        p= Density of blood
    - - Velocity: 0 at wall, highest at the center
      - Shear: highest at wall, 0 at the center
      - Difference in velocity of adjacent layers
      - Wall: Shear is highest, red blood cell aggregation and viscosity are lowest