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Assessments (Self-Assessment: Students evaluate their own work and…
Assessments
Self-Assessment: Students evaluate their own work and learning progress. can be done during learning or as a summative depending on when it is administered, or both at the same time. Example: students write a reflection after completing a task/class/unit. Often they would be given guiding questions as a supplement.
Disadvantages Requires a lot of set up time on teacher's part for first introduction to doing this effectively/productively. Students often feel ill-equipped or unable to evaluate themselves without bias. Bias can skew students understanding of where they are in their progression through over or underestimation of abilities.
Advantages: requires application of skills reflexively, often promoting students to recognize failures or gaps they would be unwilling to recognize had others pointed it out. Helps motivation if students are more acutely aware of where they fall short, as well as providing encouragement and sense of responsibility as students can more easily see their own progress. Works to improve judgement skills when paired with peer or teacher feedback.
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Summative: Any final test of knowledge or understanding, after which there is no revisiting the subject. Example: End of term exam or project. Final draft of argumentative essay.
Disadvantages: can be high pressure/stressful, No opportunties for fixing problems discovered, often not an accurate reflection of learning, especially multiple choice types.
Advantages measures both student and teacher performance. Tools for evaluation, achievement, and academic records.
Formative: Generic type of assessment that determines where student's comprehension/mastery currently is at any stage of the lesson/unit. Example: Daily journal entries.
Advantages: helps plan for future, identify problems as they occur, which saves time teaching. Informal, so can be more accurate than stressful summatives.
Disadvantages: requires ability to accurately assess, also a lot of knowledge and experience to effectively implement without slowing down the learning process.
Diagnostic- the most formative of formative- usually used at the beginning to assess prior knowledge or when students are struggling overall, helps determine where student levels are are so that steps to assist can be implemented. Also used for new or transfer students to get a holistic idea of their levels of education. Example: test administered after students are accepted into secondary school.
Advantages: Establishes baseline, frame of reference for reflections at the end.
Disadvantages: simple student errors or memory lapses can cause classification of student levels. making revisions to plans a waste of time.
Performance based:Students are asked to perform specific behaviors to be assessed. Example: writing an argumentative essay in x number of steps with each step being assessed. Brainstorming, outlining, rough drafting, revising/editing, final drafting.
Disadvantages: harder to assess/quantify, time consuming, so if no close monitoring of the process, students can waste a lot of time doing things wrong.
Advantages: tends to be more authentic and engaging, learning occurs both before and during the process, multiple objectives can be measured, as well as opportunities to get it right.
High Stakes Exams that have a large impact on major decisions such as college applicability, graduation, etc. Example: student Extended Essay for graduation of DP, Gaokao in China.
Advantages: clearly defined standards- rigorous, provides snapshots of large populations useful for determining policy. High motivation. Can highlight large gaps in content/skills.
Disadvantages: stressful, can be innaccurate since students may not be good "test takers", doesn't accurately measure skills for success, and only a narrow range of skills, for example can't model essential workplace skills such as sociability. Highly reliant on criteria used- understanding of results and achievements colored by those criteria.
Portfolio: While often used as a summative to track growth over time, it can also serve as a formative for further work to improve the portfolio by submitting better exemplars.
Advantages: Measures ability over time. Involves interactions between student and teacher, creating clear criteria for success and increased student ownership. Embedded in unit plan. Involves students in assessment through selection, which requires meta-cognitive and other skills not usually testable such as discipline and responsibility.
Disadvantages: may be less reliable or fair since students can choose their "Best" which may not be reflective of overall ability. Difficult to implement properly in showing linear growth. criteria tend to be more individualized and thus subjective.
Authentic Assessment: application of skills to real-life problems or issues. Usually a task or project framed in a real life context.Example: Students write a chapter of a text type they have been learning- such as dystopian.
Advantages: adds variety, different ways of learning. Is engaging and relevant by connecting to real life skills. Direct measure of ability to apply knowledge in new situations.
Disadvantages:Subjective, time consuming/costly, limits skills and knowledge assessed, as such projects are impossible to be both authentic and require students to utilize ALL the skills they learned in the unit.
peer assessment: Same as self assessment but done by peers- other students, so should be looked at as being in opposition(for advantages/disadvantages) to self-assessment.Example: students asked to grade a partner's essay according to the rubrics.
Disadvantages: Same amount of prep time as self-assessment if not more. Can cause social/personal problems between students. Bias and fear of hurting friends feelings can result in artificially high marks, tendency to award same marks across criteria or not think deeply about grade/feedback given.
Advantages: Less opportunity for bias since clear criteria provided. Encourages student engagement and collaboration. Provides more relevant or understandable feedback. Can reduce the need for teacher driven feedback. Makes students more engaged as they are accountable to their peers and can be called out without teacher having to get involved.
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