Intervention #2: Ask the client to describe prior experiences with pain, effectiveness of pain management interventions, responses to analgesic medications including occurrence of side effects, and concerns about pain and its treatment (e.g., fear about addiction, worries, or anxiety) and informational needs..
Evaluation #2: elf-report is considered the single most reliable indicator of pain presence and intensity and single-dimension pain ratings are valid and reliable as measures of pain intensity level (
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