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Metabolism (Types of Phase 2 enzymes (Sulfation, Acetylation,…
Metabolism
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Biotransformation
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Definition: Process where xenobiotics are transformed into water-soluble chemicals that can be eliminated
Phase reactions
Phase 1 reaction
Types of reaction:
- Hydrolysis
- Reduction
- Oxidation
- Conjugation
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Phase 2 reaction
Conjugation rxns:
- Flucuondiaton
- Sulfation
- Acetylation
- Methylation
- Conjugation with glutathione or amino acids
Cofactors of conjugation rxns react with functional groups present in chemical or via phase 1 --> lead to high increase of water solubility
All xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes can increase toxicity. Phase II enzymes do not always decrease toxicity.
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