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Lines of Defense (Second Line (Non-specific) (Process of Phagocytosis…

- - - - Types
        
        Fixed Located in specific tissues only. Examples:
        
        Osteoclast (Bone)
        
        Kupffer Cell (Liver)
        
        Microglia (Brain)
        
        Serosal Macrophage (Pleural Cavity)
        
        Lymphoid Macrophage (Lymphoid Tissue)
        
        Alveolar Macrophage (Lungs)
        
        Wandering
        Originate from monocytes that leave blood and enter infected tissue and develop into phagocytic cells (second wave of phagocytes)
      - Features
        
        Slower than PMNs
        
        Able to perform phago- & pinocytosis
        
        Able to become activated by lymphokines & anything that disturbs the cell membrane (allows form more aggressive behaviour in inflammation)
        
        Able to secrete large quantities of chemical mediators
      - MOs * Come from the same cell line, but differ depending on microenvironment; belong to mononuclear phagocyte system (Reticuloendothelial System - consists of bone marrow, peripheral blood & tissue)
        
        Functions
        
        Produce toxic, biologically active substances (Oxygen metabolites)
        
        Cause influx of other cells as other macrophages & lymphocytes
        
        Cause fibroblast proliferation & collagen deposition
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        Three Possible Accumulations
        1) Continued recruitment from the circulation - secondary to chemotactic factors
        2) Division
        3) Prolonged survival