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Chapter 6 Nonverbal Communication (Functions of Nonverbal Communication…
Chapter 6 Nonverbal Communication
Characteristics
Nonverbal Communication-Messages expressed by other than linguistic means
Nonverbal behavior has communicative value
Some is intentional and some unintentional
Primarily relational
Nonverbal cues can help us manage our identities
Nonverbal cues help define our relationships
Ex.Ways we greet someone (wave, hug, shake hands etc.)
Nonverbal cues convey emotion
Affect displays-Facial Expressions, body movements, and vocal traits that reveal emotional states
Ex. someones face getting red when they are mad
Ambiguous/difficult to interpret accurately
Ex. misinterpreting someone smiling at you as flirting
Differs from Verbal communication such as multi dimensional
Important
Ex. my sister who is autistic is unable to interpret nonverbal cues and takes sarcastic things literally
Influences on Nonverbal Communication
Culture
Have different verbal and nonverbal languages
Ex. the ymbol for OK in America means you are worth 0 in Belgium and France
Gender
Although some difference shown in research, lots in common
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Repeating (Ex. If someone asked you to repeat directions, pointing instead)
Substituting (Ex. when my boyfriend asks me how was work shrugging my shoulders instead of saying it was alright)
Complementing
Friend using correct nonverbal cues (facial expression, tone of voice etc.) for feeling sorry when apologizing to me
Accenting
Ex. Pointing when criticizing
Regulating
Ex. Raising voice at the end of a question to signal it is over
Contradicting
Ex. Sounding angry when telling my mom I'm not angry
Deceiving
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Body Movements
Ie. Posture, gesture
Kinesics- The study of body movement, gesture, and posture
Manipulators-Movements in which one part of the body grooms, massages, rubs, holds, pinches, picks or otherwise manipulates another part
Face and eyes (ex. not making eye contact when telling someone something you are ashamed of)
Affect Blend- The combination of two or more expressions, each showing a different emotion (ex. Disgusted and angry or fearful and surprised)
Voice
Paralanguage- Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: rate, pitch, tone and so on
Disfluencies- Vocal Interruptions such as stammering and use of "uh" "um" and "er."
Ex. Sarcasm
Appearance
Physical Attractiveness
More attractive= more likely to succeed
Clothing Can be used to display economic statues, education level, moral standards etc.
Touch (ex. A pat on the back to comfort)
Haptics- The study of touch
Space
Distance
Proxemins- The study of the way people and animals use space
Intimate distance-One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from skin contact to 18 inches
Personal Distance- ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet
Social Distance-4 to 12 feet
Public distance-outward from 12 feet
Territoriality- Territory- fixed space that an individual assumes some right to occupy
Environment
Communicated info about the designer and shapes the kind of interaction that takes place in it
Time
Chronemics- The study of how humans use structure and time
How we handle time can express both intentional and unintentional messages
Ex. Important people are seen by appt only, while a boss can drop in on employees
Monochronic-The use of time that emphasizes punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time
Polychronic- The use of time that emphasizes flexible schedules in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time
Building Confidence in Nonverbal Communication
Tune out words
Use perception checking
Pay attention to your own nonverbal behavior