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Renaissance and Reformation (A Dangerous World (People had poor diets,…

- - - - Mary and the rest of the saints were also worshiped as often or almost as often as God. Certain saints were prayed to for certain reasons, eg. St. Roch for plague or St. Ives for lawyers.
        
        Some ways to bring providence: be good, pray to God, Mary and all of the saints, asking them for help and thanking them when the help comes.
    - - People not only prayed for themselves but also family and friends.
- - - - Inequality lived on
        
        When the middle ages shifted, feudalism was still alive. The middle ages shifted into new markets and military roles in armies.
        
        In addition, women had very few or no rights and job opportunities which led to prostitution
        
        The population in Europe fell for several decades due to the plague. But, having a smaller population in Europe meant that other people could succeed and have more resources.
        
        The larger the population the scarcer are resources. Though the population was increasing, couples would delay their wedding if they lacked land or goods.
        
        Since the poor had so few resources, they seemed to not even be included in the 'ladder of hierarchy'
        
        Lords had all the power; to judge, to tax, to to run local markets and taverns, etc.
- - - - Beauty and status gave women honour
        
        Men suffered shame when women broke the rules because they were considered guardians of their bodies
        
        Religion opposed much of what honour stood for. While honour praised wealth, religion fought for mercy. Honour valued close relationships and alliances, religion valued friendship with all.
        
        Both praised generosity
        
        Men won honour by what their actions, while women gained honour by what they did not do
- - - - Property was extremely important to the families because of the status/inheritance it provided to the members. The inheritance had more of an impact on the future of the sons then hard work.
        
        While the men inherited the land, women were only provided with a dowry from their fathers to their husbands. However, though the dowry was for the women the men still had control over it.
        
        Families of this time did not just consist of the mother father and children, everyone in the house was considered part of the family. The servants and distant relatives could be seen as part of the family.
        
        Marriage was used by the families and parents to create stronger alliances
        
        Women were essentially chained to their husbands, if a women committed adultery she would lose everything she had, while if a husband did the same he would remain free with little to no punishments.
- - - - Killed a third of the population in five years.
      - Came back multiple times in the 1650s and 1660s
      - This came back to medieval Europe in 1347.
  - - - A quarter of children died by the age of one and another quarter died by marriage.
      - One in seven women died in childbirth.
      - Not very many people knew their grandparents.
      - The nuclear family was destabilized.
- - - - As great lords, royalty had always kept a expensive looking household
        
        Ready entertainment
        
        As monarchs grew richer, men and women swarmed around them in hopes of receiving lands, gifts, pardons, titles, privileges, jobs, etc.
        
        Easy eating
        
        Were envied for for their luxury and power
      - Confederal states arose, like the Netherlands and Switzerland
      - No single model ruled
      - Political units reached out across the
        landscape and deepened their control
      - Many were kingdoms, but not all
      - There were independent city-states in Germany and Italy