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Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles (Mitochondrion (Descrption Usually oval…
Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles
Mitochondrion
Descrption
Usually oval-shaped
Have
double membrane
- inner one is folded to form structures called
cristae
Inside is the
matrix
which contains enzymes involved in respiration
Function
Site is aerobic respiration
where
ATP
is produced
Found in large numbers in cells that are very
active
and require a lot of
energy
Nucleus
Description
Large organelle surrounded by a
nuclear envelope
(double membrane), which contains
pores
Contains
chromosomes
(which are made from
protein-bound linear DNA
) and one of more structures called a
nucleolus
Function
Controls cell’s activities
DNA
contains instructions to make protein
Pores
allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
Nucleolus
makes
ribsomes
Cell Vacuole (only in
plants
)
Description
Membrane bound organelle found in
cytoplasm
of
plant cells
Contains
cell sap
- a weak solution of sugar and salts
Function
Helps maintain
pressure
inside the cell and keep the cell
rigid
Stops
plants
wilting
Involved in
isolation
of
unwanted chemicals
inside cell
Cell Wall (only in
plants
)
Description
Rigid structure that surround cells in
plant, algae
and
fungi
Function
Supports
cells and prevents then from
changing shape
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Description
System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space
No
ribosomes
Function
Synthesises
and
processes lipids
Ribosome
Description
Very small organelle
that either
floats free
in cytoplasm or is attached to
RER
Made up of
proteins
and
RNA
Not
surrounded by a membrane
Function
Site
where
proteins
are made
Golgi Vesicles
Description
Small
fluid- filled sac
in cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and
produced
by
Golgi Apparatus
Function
Stores lipids
and
proteins
made by Golgi Apparatus and
transports
them out of the cell (via cell-surface membrane)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Description
System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space
Surface is
covered with ribosomes
Function
Folds
and
processes proteins
that have been made at the ribosomes
Cell surface (plasma) membrane
Description
Membrane found on
surface
of
animal cells
and just inside cell wall of
other cells
Made mainly if
lipids
and
protein
Function
Regulates movement
of substances into and out of cell
Has
receptor molecules
on it, allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones
Chloroplast
Description
Small,
flattened
structure found in
plant
and
algal cells
Surrounded by
double membrane
Has membranes inside called
thylakoid membranes
- stacked up in some parts of chloroplast to form
grana
Grana are linked together by lamellae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane
Function
Site
where
photosynthesis
takes place
Some happens in
grana
some in
stroma
Golgi Apparatus
Description
Group of fluid filled, membrane-bound
flattened sacs
Function
Processes
and
packages
new
lipids
and
proteins
Makes lysosomes
Lysosome
Description
Round organelle
surrounded by a
membrane
, with no clear internal structure
A type of
Golgi Vesicle
Function
Contains
digestive enzymes
called
lysozymes
Kept seperate by surrounding membrane and can be used to
digest invading cells
or to
break down
worn out components of the cell.