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Conditions of the orbit in dogs (orbital muscles (4 rectus (ventral,…
Conditions of the orbit in dogs
orbital muscles
4 rectus
ventral
dorsal
medial
lateral
2 obliques
ventral
dorsal
retractor bulbi
clinical signs
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of eyeball
enophthalmos
recession of globe into the orbit
palpate amount of globe
e.g. Horners
strabismus
deviation of visual axis compared to normal gaze
e.g. conformational lateral strabismus
diagnostic approach
distance exam
evaluate globe position
look at position of axial cornea relative to orbital ligament and other eye
examine eyes from above
distant direct ophthalmoscopy
retrollumination
closer exam
look at position of globe compared to orbital rim
retropulsion of the globe (if can't push globe back, sign of obstruction)