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Vertebrates (Fishes) (Superclass AGNATHA (Ostracoderm Group (#) (Class…

- - - - Hagfish
  - - - Lampreys
- - - - Subclass Holocelphali
        
        Order Chimaeriformes
        
        Chimeras, the "ratfishes"
        
        oviparous
      - Subclass Elasmobranchii
        
        Superorder Euselachiil
        
        Squalea
        
        Order Pristiophorifores
        
        Saw Sharks
        
        Order Squatiniformes
        
        Angel Sharks
        
        Order Squaliformes
        
        Dogfish sharks, sleeper sharks
        
        Order Hexanchiliformes
        
        Frill sharks, cow sharks
        
        Order Rajiformes
        
        Skates and Rays
        
        Galeomorpha
        
        Order Carcharhiniformes
        
        Requiem sharks
        
        Order Orelectolobiformes
        
        Carpet sharks, whale sharks
        
        Order Heterodontiformes
        
        Horn Sharks
        
        Order Lamniformes
        
        Mackerel Sharks
      - FIRST JAWS AND PAIRED FINS
      - Serial Replacement of Teeth -- ie teeth not fused to jaws
      - Hyostylic Jaw suspension
      - Ceratotricha -
        Soft, unsegmented fin rays
      - Placoid Scales, Internal Fert., Spiral Valve Intestine
  - - - "spiny" sharks
      - FIRST GANOID SCALES
    - - Subclass Ceolacanthimorpha
        
        Order Coelacanthiformes
        
        Coelacanths
      - Subclass Dipnoi
        
        Order Lepidosireniformes
        
        all others, use lungs for gas exchange
        
        Order Ceratodontiformes
        
        queensland lungfish + (#) relatives
      - Subclass Rhizodontimorpha (#)
        
        Tetrapodomorph fishes
      - Subclass Osterolepimorpha (#)
      - Tetrapoda...
    - - Subclass Chrondrostei
        
        Order Acipenseriformes
        
        sturgeons and paddlefish
        
        Ganoid Scales, Spiral valve intestine
        
        Order Polypteriformes
        
        bichirs and reedfish
        
        ganoid scales, spiral valve
        
        # of fin rays> supports
      - Subclass Neopterygii
        
        Division Teleostei
        
        Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha
        
        Order Osteoglossiformes
        
        bony tongues, elephant fishes, mooneyes and allies
        
        Subdivision Elopomorpha
        
        Order Saccopharyngiformes
        
        Snipe eel and gulper eel
        
        Order Anguilliformes
        
        True eels
        
        Order Abuliformes
        
        Bonefish & d/w Bonefish
        
        Order Elopiformes
        
        Tarpons and Ladyfish
        
        Subdivision Clupeomorpha
        
        Clupeiformes
        
        herrings + relatives
        
        Subdivision Euteleostei
        
        Superorder Ostariophysi
        
        Order Gonorhychiformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Cypriniformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Characiformes
        
        2 more items...
        
        Order Siluriformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Gynotiformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Weberian Apparatus, Shrekstoff
        
        Superorder Protocanthopterygii
        
        Order Esociformes
        
        Pike, Mud-minnows
        
        Order Salmoniformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Osmeriformes
        
        2 more items...
        
        Superorder Stenopterygii
        
        Order Ateleopodiformes
        
        Jellynose fishes
        
        Order Stomiliformes
        
        Lightfishes, viperfish, hatchetfish +
        
        Deep-sea bioluminescence
        
        Superorder Cyclosquamata
        
        Order Aulopiformes
        
        Barracuda, lancetfish, spiderfish +
        
        first HERMAPHRODITES
        
        Superorder Scopelomorpha
        
        Order Myctophiformes
        
        Lanternfish, blackchin +
        
        Superorder Lampridomorpha
        
        Order Lampridiformes
        
        Lamprids
        
        first SPINY fin rays
        
        Superorder Polymixomorpha
        
        Order Polymixiiformes
        
        Beardfish
        
        Superorder Paracanthopterygii
        
        Order Percopsiformes
        
        Trout-perch, cavefishes+
        
        Order Ophidiiformes
        
        Cuskeel
        
        Order Gadiformes
        
        Cod, Haddock, Hake +
        
        cycloid scales, physoclistous
        
        Order Batachoidiformes
        
        Toadfish
        
        Order Lophiiformes
        
        Anglerfish, monkfish
        
        Superoder Acanthopterygii
        
        Series 1: Mugliomorpha
        
        Order Mugiliformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Series 2: Atherinomorpha
        
        Order Cyprinodontiformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Beloniformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Atheriniformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Series 3: Percomorpha
        
        Order Steaphanoberyciformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Beryciformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Zeiformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Gasterosteiformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Synbranchiformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Scopaeniformes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Order Perciformes
        
        5 more items...
        
        Order Pleuronectiformes
        
        3 more items...
        
        Order Tetradontiformes
        
        3 more items...
        
        Spiny dorsal fin
        
        Ctenoid scales
        
        Tooth Bearing Premaxilla
        
        Adaptations for high-speed swimming
        
        Large, toothed maxilla
        
        Tubercules on breeding males
        
        First ctenoid scale: Characiformes
        
        First adipose fin: Protocanthopterygii
        
        All remaining teleost groups..
        
        Many characters are highly modified or reduced
        
        URONEURALS (caudal fin)
        
        Flexible Premaxilla *
        
        Order Semiontiformes
        
        Gars
        
        ganoid scales
        
        Order Amilformes
        
        Bowfins
        
        FIRST CYCLOID SCALES
        
        spiral valve intestine
        
        # of fin rays = supports
        
        spermatozoa have lost the acrosome
        
        most ganoid scales, first cycloid scale in Amiiformes
        
        spiral valve intestines
      - Ray-finned fishes
        
        INCREASINGLY FLEXIBLE PREMAXILLA
        
        GULAR PLATES
        
        SHIFT FROM POST. TO ANT. FINS
        
        LEPIDOTRICHIA
        
        3 pairs of otoliths
    - - SWIM BLADDER
      - GANOID SCALES
      - POSTERIOR POSITION OF PELVIC FINS