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Neuroanatomy (Peripheral Nervous System (Neurons (Superficial…

- - - - Somatic Efferents
      - Visceral Efferents
    - - Somatic Afferents
        
        Alpha Beta
        
        Touch #
        
        Alpha Delta
        
        pain/temp
        
        first pain
        
        sharp, well localized
        
        rapid
        
        free nerve endings
        
        C Fibers #
        
        Pain/temp
        
        second pain
        
        heat
        
        acid
        
        caspsaicin
        
        noxious mechanical info
        
        slow
      - Visceral Afferents #
  - - - intrafusal muscle fibers
        
        gamma motor fiber
        
        contractile
        
        Ia stretch fiber
        
        activates sensory endings
    - - detect muscle tension
      - Asigma sensory axon
      - helps muscles contract smoothly
  - - - motor neuron + innervating fibers
  - - - Meissner's Corpuscles
      - Merkel Cells
    - - Ruffini endings
      - Pacinian Corpuscles
    - - GABA
      - Glycine
- - - - Telencephalon
        
        cerebral cortex
        
        frontal lobe
        
        precentral gyrus
        
        premotor cortex
        
        supplementary motor cortex
        
        prefrontal cortex
        
        higher cognitive function
        
        jugement
        
        concentration
        
        personality
        
        inhibition
        
        parietal lobe
        
        post central gyrus
        
        posterior parietal cortex
        
        higher order processing of body awareness
        
        Attention!
        
        occipital lobe
        
        vision
        
        olfactory cortex #
        
        temporal lobe
        
        hearing
        
        Broca's area #
        
        Weirneke's Area
        
        insula
        
        posterior
        
        somatosensory
        
        pain
        
        anterior
        
        sense of internal body
        
        taste
        
        emotion
        
        limbic lobe #
        
        HOME
        
        Homeostasis
        
        Olfaction
        
        Memory
        
        Emotions & Drive
        
        structures
        
        orbital frontal gyri
        
        cingulate gyrus
        
        para-hippocampal gyrus
        
        basal ganglia #
        
        modulates centers for motor planning/programming #
        
        procedural learning
        
        habitual behaviors
        
        reward
        
        hippocampus
        
        local hippocampal loop
        
        papez loop
        
        declarative (explicit) memory and learning
        
        amygdala
        
        emotional memory pathway
        
        endocrine/autocrine
        
        olfaction
        
        associative learning/fear conditioning
        
        appetitive conditioning
      - Diencephalon
        
        thalamus #
        
        relay for somatosensation #
        
        VPL
        
        body
        
        VPM
        
        face
        
        Subthalamic Nucleus
        
        hypothalamus #
        
        TAN HATS
        
        Thirst/H2O balance
        
        Adenohypophysis (ant pit)
        
        Neurohypophysis (post pit)
        
        Hunger & Satiety
        
        Lateral
        
        hunger
        
        1 more item...
        
        Ventromedial
        
        satiety
        
        1 more item...
        
        Autonomics & Circadian Rhythms
        
        Temperature regulation
        
        Sexual urges & emotions
        
        Nuclei??
        
        SON
        
        produces ADH
        
        PVN
        
        oxytocin
        
        SCN
        
        circadian rhythm/pineal gland -> melatonin
    - - Mesencephalon
        
        tectum
        
        tegmentum
    - - metencephalon
        
        pons
        
        cerebellum
      - melencephalon
        
        Medulla
  - - - ventral/anterior horn
        
        lower motor neuron
        
        alpha motor neuron
        
        cholinergic
        
        only direct route to muscles
        
        regions VIII-IX
        
        motor
      - dorsal horn
        
        sensory
        
        regions I-VI
      - intermediate regions
        
        regions VII
        
        autonomic NS
      - Spinal Trigeminal
        
        pain/temp from FACE
    - - lateral cortico-spinal tract
        
        MOTOR
        
        Lateral
        
        distal limb muscles
        
        contralateral termination
        
        red nucleus
        
        Medial
        
        axial muscles
        
        bilateral
        
        Pathways
        
        tectospinal
        
        visually track moving objects
        
        vestibulospinal
        
        balance issues
        
        vestibulo/cochlear inputs
        
        reticulospinal
        
        postural adjustments
      - posterior columns
        
        light touch, proprioception, vibration
        
        fasiculus cuneatus
        
        fasiculus gracilis
      - anterolateral pathways
        
        pain/temp
    - - dorsal root
        
        sensory
      - ventral root
        
        motor
    - - dura
      - arachnoid
      - pia