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UNIT 11 (THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE (CHARLES SPEARMAN: general intelligence,…
UNIT 11
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
CHARLES SPEARMAN: general intelligence, g-factor, that underlies all intelligence behavior
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STERNBERG'S THREE INTELLIGENCES: triarchic- creative, analytical, practical
DYNAMICS OF INTELLIGENCE
AGING AND INTELLIGENCE
Cross-Sectional as age increases, IQ decreases
Longitudinal until late in life, IQ remains stable
-study one cohort (group from 1 time period)
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EXTREMES
Intellectual Disability- condition of limited mental ability (IQ of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to demands of life
Down Syndrome- mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome
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INTELLIGENCE TESTING
ORIGINS: First intelligence test- Francis Galton (believed that genius is inherited.
Alfred Binet develops MENTAL AGE, which corresponds to a given level of performance (environmental explanation, intelligence is not inborn)
Lewis Terman uses Binet's test to measure INHERITED INTELLIGENCE: intelligence quotient (IQ)
Related with eugenics (smart breed with smart to make an "ideal race")
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PRINCIPLES OF TESTS
STANDARDIZATION: uniform testing procedures + meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group (NORMAL CURVE- bell-shaped, 68% will be within one standard deviation, 95% will be within two standard deviations)
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VALIDITY: the extent to which a test measures/predicts what it's supposed to
-CONTENT VALIDITY: the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
-PREDICTIVE VALIDITY: the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
BIOLOGICAL BASIS?
-Size of the brain matters a bit i.e: Einstein had a larger parietal lobe, which is needed for math and logic
-Ample gray matter and ample white matter = lots of neural cell bodies and axons that enable efficient brain communication
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