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Unit 11 (Module 61 (Mental age: a measure of intelligence test performance…
Unit 11
Module 61
Mental age: a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
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Predictive validity: the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity.)
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Aptitude test: a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
Standardization: defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
Normal curve: a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.
Reliability: the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.
Module 62
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Fluid Intelligence: our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
Intellectual Disability: a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life
Down Syndrome: a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and is associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Module 60
Factor Analysis: a statistic procedure that identifies clusters of related items ( called factors ) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie an persons total score
Savant Syndrome: a condition in which a person is otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as computation or drawing
General Intelligence (g): a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
Grit: in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals
Intelligence Test: a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Emotional Intelligence: the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Intelligence: mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and sue knowledge to adapt to new situations
Module 63
Heritability:
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. This may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
Module 64
Stereotype threat:
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.