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L05 Preparation (HOME (home observation for measurement of the…
L05 Preparation
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appropriate parenting
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give basic care, nurturing, support
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historical trends
18th century
parenting was adult centered, children weren't significant
increasing advocates of humanism - beliefs concerned with interests and ideals of humans rather than of the natural or spiritual world
newborn's mind is tabula rasa - mind is a blank slate before impressions are recorded through experience
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19th century
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end of 19thC - more love and affection towards children was emphasized, but the 20thC changed that as it encouraged more strict discipline
early 20th century
behaviorism - observed behavior, rather than what exists in the mind, provides the only valid data for psychology
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harmful early experiences can result in fixations - a term referring to arrested development. Can't repress child's personality as they grow or they will have problems as adults
mid 20th century
children should be fed when hungry, be toilet trained when they develop physical control
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late 20th century
believed that healthy growth was biologically programmed within the child and if parents would relax, growth would happen naturally
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parenting style changed from parent centered -> child -> now, a balance of the two
family characteristics
size
big: children have more resources for company, playmates, emotional security. parents are typically more authoritarian, more likely to use physical punishement
effects of family size on parenting style is mediated by parental education, occupation, social class, intactness of the family, ethnic orientation
configuration
changing structure/roles with new children and temperaments, children living at home, elderly people in the home, etc
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firstborns: receive more attention, affection, verbal stimulation. disciplined more, more mature behavior is expected, and mothers help them solve problems more often than they do later children
siblings allow for cooperation, competition, empathy, aggression, leading, following, etc.
only children: more parent-child interaction, relationships with parents are reported to be more positive and affectionate than those with siblings. show more advanced social skills than children with siblings, and have more positive behavior as well as assertive/aggressive behavior. only children typically perform better academically in school. it seems to be beneficial to development, however the cons: too much pressure from parents to succeed, loneliness, or not having anyone to help care for aging parents
parent's life stage
image making, nurturing, authority, interpretive, interdependent, departure
marital quality
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marital conflict can be so consuming that the parents are less able to respond to child's emotional needs
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attachment styles
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resistant (insecure)
doesn't explore, stays close to mom, is upset when she leaves, wary of strangers, resists physical contact with mom when she returns
avoidant (insecure)
little distress when mom leaves, ignores
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political ideologies
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influenced by religious, ethnic, progressive and national influences
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cultural values
collectivistic oriented
emphasis interdependent relations, social responsibilities, and well being of group
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differences in authority roles, communication, display of emotion, discipline, skills emphasized
lower-class families
associated w/ anxiety, depression due to stress
parenting style is inconsistent, authoritarian, non supportive
community supports
formal: psychologist, employer
informal: relatives, friends
competence
pattern of effective adaptation to one's environment, involves behavior that is socially responsible, independent, friendly, cooperative, dominant, achievement-oriented
prosocial behavior
behavior that benefits other people, such as altruism, sharing, cooperation, etc.
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everyone has their own agency, so we can't let our children's choices weaken our faith or make us feel that we did something wrong. Our worthiness is not dependent on their choices
take advantage of everyday moments, liken the scriptures to our lives, leave the door to our hearts open, hold family councils, trust the Lord