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Uncertainty of Superpowers (Factors influence geopolitical stability in…
Uncertainty of Superpowers
Tensions & Conflicts
Different types of contested places
The land border may be in dispute
The ownership of landmass
The extent of a nations EEZ
Disputes flare up because of ...
The balance of power changes
Disputed territories are visited by high level profiles
There are military 'show of strength'
New resources are discovered.
Arctic Case Study
Claims made
In 2007, Russia placed a flag on the sea-floor
Both Russia & Canada have arctic forces
Why its contested?
30% of world gas
13% of worlds oil reserve
Extraction is $37 a barrel, in Saudi its $2
Why tensions occur in future
3 of the parties have nuclear weapons
Global warming will make it more accessible
Falling oil reserves make it viable.
Intellectual Property
A global system of IP has run since 1967, part of the UN
It prevents the theft of innovations and ideas, users pay royalties
Problems
TNCs reluctant to invest in China
Lack of action by Chinese authorities
Solutions
Anti-counterfeiting agreement signed in 2011
As China develops, IP is being taken more serious
South China Sea
Economic Issues
11 billion barrels of oil
10% of worlds fisheries
30% of worlds shipping routes
Significant events
China claimed land through 9 dash line
Phillipines won a court case against China's control over region
Challenges & actions
Increase control of region, China is surrounding islands
Countries building more bases on contested islands
USA having allies with Philippines & Japan
Tensions over resources Africa & China
Actions
Trade increased by $30 billion in 20 years
China focusing on raw materials such as Iron
Opportunities
Chinese investment in tech support Africans
Sub-saharan workers work in China now
Threats
Chinese undercutting local prices
China has been increasing tariffs towards Africa
Fears of Chinas environmental impact
Growing tensions within Asia
History
Long-term tensions between Pakistan for Kashmir
Both countries have nuclear weapons
Conflict between Bangladesh & India
Opportunities
Free from birth controls in 2008
Most populous country by 2030
Gov privatising industries
Threats
Worst gener inequality in world
Using less Russian resources, compete on global status
Conflict in Middle East
Causes
Dates back to former Ottoman Empire
Arab spring - uprising of governments
Western countries have to intervene
Opportunities
Region is an essential oil supplier
Problems
Complex geopolitical relations
Economic damage to oil installations
Different ideologies
Problems facing Superpowers
Economic Problems
Debt - 2008 recession
Unemployment - increased competition
Economic restructuring
Social costs
Global Military
Navy - UK reducing aircraft ships
Nuclear deterrents - Trident
Air power
Intelligence - Edward Snowdon
Economic futures
EU & USA rely on emerging power for resources
Open nature of countries may attract FDI
Factors influence geopolitical stability in future
Conflict & Tensions
Level of economic growth
Resource availability
Tech advancements
Military strength