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Macbeth (Motifs (Hallucinations (throughout play, reminders for Macbeth…
Macbeth
Motifs
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Blood
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EX. “Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand?” Macbeth cries after he has killed Duncan, even as his wife scolds him and says that a little water will do the job (2.2.58–59).
EX. "Out, damned spot; out, I say . . . who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?” (5.1.30–34)
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Hallucinations
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EX. the dagger floating before Macbeth
- represents the bloody course Macbeth is about to embark
EX. Banquo's ghost sitting in the chair
- guilt
- reminder of murdering his former friend
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Lit devices
Juxtaposition
EXAMPLES
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EX. " I have thee not, and yet I see thee still"
EX. "Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none"
EX. "Fair is foul, and foul is fair"
EX. "Lesser than Macbeth, and greater"
Foreshadowing
EXAMPLES
"Till then, enough. - Come, friends."
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"Fail not our feast" - "My lord, I will not"
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“Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! Thou mayst
revenge – O slave!”
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Irony
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EX. "Tonight we hold a solemn supper, sir / And I'll request your presence"
- said to Banquo by Macbeth
- Act 3
- true nature of Macbeth revealed as he made plans for Banquo to be murdered never even showing up
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Symbolism
EX. "out, damned spot!"
- said by Lady Macbeth in her sleep
- blood symbolizing her guilt
- she tried getting rid of her emotions
Imagery
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Metaphorical Language
‘Washing one’s hands of something’ - of guilt, of the deed
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Themes
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Masculinity
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masculinity = naked aggression ; violence soon follows after discussing manhood # #
Characters
The Three Witches
supernatural aspect
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Macbeth and Banquo both see the witches, are the witches a grand hallucination or puppet-masters of the play
Appearance: beards, "weird". should be women but look nothing like. bizarre and grisly potions portray gore, horror and death the witches carry with them
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Equivocators: The three witches tell Macbeth
their predictions, and yet masterfully conceal the truth
within.
EX. the witches promised Macbeth’s safety
unless “Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill / Shall
come against him”. However, no one could predict that
Malcolm and Macduff ’s army soldiers would conceal
themselves in trees cut from Birnam Wood.
are they toying with the humans or are they agents of fate? #
Quotes
ACT 1
"When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain?"
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"Fair is foul, and foul is fair"
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Macbeth: Protagonist
Tragic Hero
initial impression is brave and capable
- EX. "like Valor's minion" " sparrows eagles or the hare the lion" ACT 1 Scene 2
Physical courage joined with consuming ambition and self doubt
- EX. prediction of being kind - joy but turmoil
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Quotes
- “Why should I play the Roman fool,” he asks, “and die / On mine own sword?” (5.10.1–2)
Circle of Violence: Macbeth starts on the battlefield and ends on the battlefield, he's a warrior
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Lady Macbeth
Enticing, manipulative and evil female character has its roots in Greek mythology and cultural notion of a woman
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Quotes
Act 1, Scene 5; her second monologue, awaiting Duncan, willing to do whatever to get throne, she is the real steel of the marriage, theme of masculinity > "unsex me"
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Banquo
FOIL Character:
- foil to Macbeth contrasting and highlighting character differences
- same situation as Macbeth; prophecies by Witches
- Banquo more valiant and worthy
- waits for fate while Macbeth charges for kingship
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Plot
ACT 1
Themes Introduced:
- Supernatural: Witches controlling weather
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Scene 1:
- introduces the three witches --> their characterization of mysterious and evil
- Speak in order of their names ( first witch, second witch, thrid witch)
- Introduces foreshadowing technique "when the hurly-burly's done/ when the battles lost and won"
and juxtapositions "fair is foul, and foul is fair" --> suggesting deception
- Rhyming scheme introduced by the witches
Scene 2:
- introduces Duncan, Malcolm, Captain, Lennox, Ross
- bleeding Captain tells of how well Macbeth fought
- introduction of the theme of a traitor
- good weather = good
- comparing Macbeth compared to those of heroism
- the decision to give Macbeth the title of Thane of Cawdor
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Scene 5:
- Lady Macbeth reads a letter from Macbeth - introduces Lady Macbeth with a monologue
- letter about his accounter with the Witches - no mentioning of Banquo's prophecies
- she sees the significance of their prophecies
- she is informed of King Duncan's royal visit and creates a plan to carry out the murder of him
- she pushes Macbeth to follow this plan - though suggesting he is weak
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Context
William Shakespeare
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Grew up in Stratford, went to grammar school and earned a thorough learning in Latin
Many of his plays deal with political ambitions and power - it was a contemporary fascination at the time
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Cultural differences; power of the monarchy and methods of punishment, lack of equality before the law and witch hunts
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Setting
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Stage Directions
Lighting
lightning with thunder > create a scary and mysterious mood - the witches
- create a setting of storm > turmoil and chaos
- lightning foreshadows thunder > foreshadows the prophecies and witches, therefore chaos
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