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Group 15 Elements (Physical properties (Atomic mass increases, Covalent…

- - - - Cubic structure
    - - Hexagonal crystalline
  - - - Reactive P4 tetrahedra
      - Waxy solid
      - Shows chemiluminescence
    - - Complex chain structure
      - Formed by opening of P4 cage
      - Prepared by heating white P without air at 573K
    - - Thermodynamically most stable
      - Layer structure
      - Has alpha and beta forms
- - - - Fractional distillation of liquid air
        Nitrogen distills out first
    - - Ammonium chlorides and sodium nitrate
        Purified by passing through sulphuric acid
        containing potassium dichromate
    - - Thermal decomposition or adding suspension
        of bleaching powder to ammonia
- - - - Heating mixture of ammonium
        chloride and slammed lime
- - - - Distillation of nitre with conc. H2SO4
    - - Oswald's process
      - Oxidation of NH3 and further hydrolysis
  - - - Dilute: NO
      - Conc. : NO2
    - - Dilute: N2O
      - Conc. : NO2
- - - - Dry chlorine passed over heated white P
      - Action of SOCl2 on white P
    - - Colorless, oily liquid
      - Hydrolyzed in presence of moisture
      - Reacts with Cl2 to form pentachloride
      - Forms P(CN)3 with AgCN
  - - - Excess chlorine over white P
      - Action of SO2Cl2 on phosphorous
    - - Yellowish while powder
      - Hydrolyzed to form phosphoric acid finally
      - Dissociated on strong heating
      - Powerful chlorinating agent