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CHILD DEVELOPMENT II: Moral Identity (How to promote moral development…
CHILD DEVELOPMENT II: Moral Identity
Morality is the individual's understanding of right and wrong.
How environment influence moral development
direct mechanism of operant conditioning
Imitation
Social Cognitive Theory - Behaviourism
Piaget's stages of moral development
Premoral (before 4)
The inability to consider issues on the daily basis
Heteronomous Morailty (4 to 7)
Moral judgments based on the dictates of authority
looks at the consequence and NOT the intention of the behaviour
immanent justice
the belief that unrelated events are automatically punishment for misdeeds
Autonomous Morality (by 7 or 8)
when children are aware of the rules and realize that they must adhere to them to maintain their interaction with others, rather than because an adult has told them what to do
Kohlberg's stages of moral development
(1) Preconventional (under 9): moral judgment that is marked by self-interest and motivation based on rewards and punishments
(1) heteronomous morality
Obeying the word of authorities and fear of punishment
obedience
rewards and punishments
(2) Individualism, instrumental purpose and exchange
Fairness - believing everyone self-interest must be taken into account
self interest
(2) Conventional (most adolescents and adults): moral reasoning that moves beyond self-interest to take into account the good of others
(3) Mutual interpersonal expectations and conformity
Desiring to be seen as "good" by others by meeting their expectations, including being caring, loyal and grateful
(4) Social system and conscience
Considering the good of society as a whole, maintaining societal order for the good of all
(3) Postconventional (some adults older than 20-25): moral judgements that move beyond society as the defining factor of what is moral or right and are based on universal principles that apply to all people
(5) Social contract and individual rights
Understanding that the rules of society may differ for different groups but that sine values, such as life and liberty, are universal
(6) Universal ethical principles
Following self-chosen principles involving equal rights even when they conflict with society's rules
How to promote moral development
Service Learning
educational programs that involve students in direct community service and also reflection about their experiences to learn from them
help children understand reason behind rules
Praise moral behaviour
encourage role playing
teach morality through discussions and storybooks
play games and activites
model, encourage and reward acts of caring
have a class pet
engage in activities that built empathy
Moral judgement
the way people reason about moral issues