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CHD CHAPTER 4: (GENDER AND LANGUAGE (MEN AND WOMEN COMMUNICATE FOR…

- - - - Ential statement
    - - Language that conveys an attitude rather than simply offering an objective description.
    - - opinion statement
      - inferential statement
      - factual statement
  - - - A mild or indirect term or expression used in place of a more direct but less pleasant one.
    - - A deliberately vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way.
  - - - Words that gain their meaning by comparison.
    - - Slang
        
        Language used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar coculture or other group.
      - Jargon
        
        Specialized vocabulary used as a kind of shorthand by people with common backgrounds and experience.
    - - Equivocal Words are words that have more than one dictionary definition.
    - - Abstraction ladder
        
        ladder that consists of a number of descriptions of the same thing.
      - Abstract language
        
        speech that refers to events or objects only vaguely - serves a second, less obvious function.
      - Behavioral descriptions
        
        In what circumstances does the behavior occur?
        
        What behaviors are involved?
        
        Who is involved?
- - - - Formally recognized definitions of a term.
    - - Associations, thoughts, and feelings that a statement generates.
  - - - Deal with the meaning of the specific words.
    - - govern how people use language in everyday interactions.
    - - govern the structure of language - the way symbols can be arranged.
    - - describe how members of marginalized groups sometimes reframe the meaning of a term that has historically been used in a derogatory way.
    - - Govern how words sound when pronounced.
  - - - A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals.
    - - A version of the same language that includes substantially different words and meanings.
- - - - Linguistic relativism
        
        the language we speak shapes the way we view the world.
    - - Names are more than just a simple means of identification.
  - - - CONVERGENCE
        
        Accommodating one's speaking style to another person, usually a person who is desirable or has higher status.
      - DIVERGENCE
        
        Speaking in a way that emphasizes their difference from others..
      - GUISTIC INTERGROUP BIAS
        
        reflects whether we regard others as part of our in-group.
    - - Negation
      - Sequential placement
      - Demonstrative pronoun choice
    - - "YOU" vs "I" statements
      - "BUT" statements
      - "IT" vs "I" statements
      - Questions versus statements