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Student Assessments (High Stakes (Definition: A high-stakes test is any…
Student Assessments
High Stakes
Definition: A high-stakes test is any test issued by a state or district used to make important decisions about students, educators, schools, or districts, most commonly for the purpose of accountability
Purpose: The purpose of using high stakes is to fairly assess students' comprehensive understanding of learning knowledge.
Advantage: The advantage of using high stakes assessment is that it thoroughly and fairly test all students' academic abilities. It is a holistic comprehensive standardised test that issued as country-wise range.
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Example: In my school, our Chinese track elementary students do not need to take the district high stakes assessment. However, Chinese track students who are about to graduate high school and enter college, they will face GaoKao if they choose to enter any universities in China.
Disadvantage: The disadvantage of using high stakes assessment is that the contents are usually much harder and more complex. It can create certain amount of anxiety and pressure to students and that profoundly affects their mental and emotional development. Also, take China as an example. The GaoKao in China is arranged annually. If students cannot get a good average score on GaoKao, they will completely lose their chance to enter better universities in China. Every year, GaoKao overwhelms hundreds of thousands of Chinese students.
Diagnostic
Definition: A form of pre-assessment that allows teachers to determine students' strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to instruction.
Purpose: The purpose of diagnostic assessment is used to diagnose student difficulties and to guide lesson and curriculum planning.
Advantage:Using diagnostic assessment
can gauge students' level and better adjust lesson plans in the future for the unit.
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Example: In my grade five class, an example of using diagnostic assessment would be the pre-assessment of literature, grammar, and writing we arrange for our students before we conduct any lessons.
Formative
Definition: is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment.
Purpose: The purpose of using formative assessment is to first check students' understanding and second to adjust lesson plan based on the result of formative assessments.
Advantage: Formative assessments provide opportunities for teachers to determine whether or not students understand the teaching contents. There are many different formative assessments. Students will not get bored by taking only very few types of formative assessments.
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Example: In my grade five class, an example of using formative assessment would be Questions, Quizzes, Exit Tickets, or Do Now.
Summative
Definition: Summative assessments are formal assessments usually given at the end of a unit. It is for teachers to evaluate if students are able to demonstrate and apply the knowledge they learn from the unit. It values more points and percentage.
Purpose: The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark.
Advantage: A summative serves as an assessment that shows if students acquire the knowledge and be able to apply. There are also many different ways of designing a summative assessment.
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Example: In my grade five class, an example of using summative assessment would be a final exam or a project.
Performance-Based
Definition: In general, a performance-based assessment measures students' ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned from a unit or units of study. Typically, the task challenges students to use their higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process (Chun, 2010).
Purpose: The purpose of using performance-based assessment is for teachers to measure if students are able to apply skills and knowledge they learn along the unit to perform a project.
Advantage: The advantage of using performance-based assessment is that it can assessment multiple skills and knowledge in one assessment. Also, it is less boring and stressful for students. It also can be done in groups.
Example:A example of using performance-based assessment in my grade five class is an assessment of asking students to create a play using the format of typing out their script
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Portfolio
Definition: Portfolio assessment is an assessment form that learners do together with their teachers, and is an alternative to the classic classroom test. The portfolio contains samples of the learner's work and shows growth over time.
Purpose: The purpose of using portfolio is to keep students' work in record and observe the growth over time.
Advantage: The advantage of using portfolio is to keep a record of a student's learning process and growth. It can be categorised into different subjects and formats. it shows how students gradually improve in their academic areas as well as other selective subjects.
Example: The example of using portfolio in my grade five class is to keep all their paper work, quizzes, instruction sheets, writing essays, and unit projects in their portfolios.
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Authentic
Definition: Authentic assessment is the measurement of "intellectual accomplishments that are worthwhile, significant, and meaningful," as contrasted to multiple choice standardized tests. Authentic assessment can be devised by the teacher, or in collaboration with the student by engaging student voice.
Purpose: The purpose of using authentic assessment is to authentically assess if students can truly apply what they have learned to a real-world situation.
Advantage: The advantage of using authentic assessment is that it creates a real-world situation for students to not only apply what they have learned to the task, it also prepares them to practice a scenario that happens in their life. It is more than just a theoretical implementation. It is a preparation for real life experiences.
Example: In my grade five ESL class, so far t does not have any units or lessons that can be linked with authentic assessments. However, in next semester, we may ask our students to plan out and establish their own business. After they learn the lesson, we may use authentic assessment to test if they are able to do all the preparation work they need before starting a business.
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Self-Assessment
Definition: Self-assessment is a process of formative assessment during which students reflect on and evaluate the quality of their work and their learning, judge the degree to which they reflect explicitly stated goals or criteria, identify strengths and weaknesses in their work, and revise accordingly.
Purpose: The purpose of using self-assessment is not only to create a chance for students to evaluate their own work, but also gets their judgement trained when editing, judging, and revising their own work.
Advantage: The biggest advantage of self-assessment is to provide an opportunity for students to evaluate, analyse, and correct their own work using their judgement.
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Example: An example of self-assessment in my grade five class would be self-edit students' own writing drafts to assess if they can first judge where the mistakes are and also be able to use proofreading symbols to mark the mistakes.
Peer-Assessment
Definition: Peer assessment is a process whereby students' peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks.
Purpose: The practice is employed to save teachers time and improve students' understanding of course materials as well as improve their metacognitive skills.
Advantage: One of the biggest advantages of peer-assessment is that it saves lots of time for teachers.
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Example: An example of using peer-assessment in my grade five class is ask students to grade their vocabulary test. In the test, it has a part that requires students to create sentences using the unit vocabulary. When students peer-assess each other's sentences, it gives them chance to identify if the sentences are grammatically correct or not. It also assesses their knowledge about it the vocabulary is used correctly or not.