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Chapter 11: Energy Metabolism: Respiration (Types of Respiration (Aerobic…
Chapter 11: Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration (requires oxygen)
Obligate (strict aerobes)
Glycolysis
The Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl
Coenzyme A (CoA)
Acetyl CoA
Citrate
Cis-asconitate
isocitrare
a-ketoglutarate
succinyl CoA
fumarate
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
malate
The Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain: Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation
Flavin mononuleotide (FMN)
ubiquinone
cytochrome oxidase
NADH Shuttle
prep step
Anaerobic Respiration (does not require oxygen)
Fermentation
Obligate anaerobes
Glycolysis (Embden-Meyergoff pathway)
Substrate-level Phosphorylation
lactate
lactic acid
acetaldehyde
Facultatively Aerobic
Facultatively Anaerobic
Heat-Generating Respiration
Cyanide-resistant respiration
thermogenic respiration
Symplocarpus foetidus
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Respiration of Lipids
B-oxidation
Photorespiration
Environmental and Internal Factors
Temperature
Lack of Oxygen
Internal Regulation
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
Anaerobic Glycolysis
2 ATP produced
Aerobic glycolysis
36-38 ATP produced
6 NADH produced
1FADH2 produced
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
2 to 6 NADPH produced
0-12 ATP produced
Respiratory Quotient
glucose: RQ=1
acids have higher RQ's; greater than 1.0
fatty acids have lower RQ's; often about 0.7
After the RQ values are calculated it is easy to measure the amounts of gases exchanged during respiration
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Beer
fermented starchy cereal grains
barley
wheat
corn
rice
Hops (
Humulus lupulus
)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
S. uvarum
Sake
Fermented rice
Aspergillus oryzae
Wine
fermented fuit juices
Grapes
Vitis vinifera
elderberry
peach
Spirits
Agave tequilana
A. americana
Warnings
reduces ability to focus
slows reaction speed
lowers risk of heart disease
driving under the influence
addiction
passed from mother to fetus
impulsive behavior
all alcohols are poisonous
death
