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Attachment (Role of the father (Grossman (Longitudinal study, Found…
Attachment
Role of the father
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Grossman
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McCallum and Golombok found that same sex or single parents have children that develop the same as those in a two parent family
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Psychologists are interested in the role of the father as a secondary attachment figure however research has investigated the father as a primary attachment figure
Fathers do not tend to become primary attachment figures due to gender roles within society this therefore puts the responsibility on the mothers shoulders
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Animal studies
Lorenz
Sexual imprinting - Goslings that hatched with Lorenz tried to mate with humans as they used Lorenz as a template as to what their species looked like
Although the findings influenced our understanding there is a problem with generalising his findings to humans due to the differences with humans and birds
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Guiton found that chickens that had imprinted on to a washing up glove did try to mate with other gloves however with experience learned to mate with other chickens suggesting sexual imprinting is not perminate
Harlow
Has had real life applications, the study has helped social workers understand risk factors of child abuse and neglect
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The importance of comfort over food - the monkeys only went to the wire surrogate when they had too but spent hours on the clothed surrogate
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Stages of attachment
Schaffer and Emerson
Study
Mothers asked what kind of protest the baby displayed in everyday separations and how the baby behaved in the presence of a stranger
Between 25-32 weeks 50% of babies showed signs of separation anxiety towards a specific adult
By 40 weeks 80% had a specific attachment and 30% had formed multiple attachments
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Confounding variables (demand characteristics) was not present within the study due to it being longitudinal
The sample may have had a good volume however the participants were only from one social class background as well as one culture
Stages
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Multiple attachment
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Measuring multiple attachments is difficult due to the fact that babies can show distress when a person leaves even though they do not have a 'true' attachment
Maternal Deprivation
Bowlby
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44 Thieves
44 teenagers accused of stealing interviewed for signs of affectionless psychopathy and a control group non-criminal but were mentally disturbed interviewed
14 out of 44 showed affectionless psychopathy of the 14, 12 experienced prolonged separation
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