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Skill Acquisition - Topic 7 (Types of Feedback (Extrinsic Feedback…
Skill Acquisition - Topic 7
Types of Feedback
Extrinsic Feedback
Feedback from an external source, such as a coach, which improves performance and motivates a performer. Can be positive or negative.
Intrinsic Feedback
Feedback from proprioceptors, which
detect movement, found in the muscles, ligaments and joints.
This internal sensory feedback is called kinaesthesis and is often a continuous form of feedback.
Negative Feedback
Extrinsic information in the form of criticism focused on the poor aspects of performance and results. Gives information about a negative outcome which helps build
strategies to improve performance.
Positive Feedback
Extrinsic information that rewards the performer via praise or complimentary comments about the performance. Gives information about a successful outcome to reinforce learning.
Effective Feedback
Effective Feedback - Immediacy
Feedback should be given as soon as possible after the performance to allow performers to relate the
information to their recent experience stored in the memory.
Effective Feedback - limited Amounts of Information
Performers should not be overloaded with information,
especially cognitive learners as it hinders learning.
Specific, easily understood coaching points should be used.
Effective Feedback - Related Information to Individuals
The most effective feedback is specifically related to the
individual's performance as they can relate the feedback to their own future actions where as group feedback may not have this effect.
Effective Feedback - Facilitating Intrinsic Feedback (Kinesthesis)
Encourages performers to use proprioception and recognise
the quality of their own movements intrinsically. This allows them to correct errors almost immediately and
often during performance.
Knowledge of Results
Performers should not be overloaded with information,
especially cognitive learners as it hinders learning. Specific, easily understood coaching points should be used.
Knowledge of Results
Motivates performers by reinforcing learning and strengthening the S-R bond. Helps a performer create a picture of the correct model for a skill and compare their performance against it helping improve technique.
Knowledge of Performance
This is feedback about the pattern of movement that has taken or is taking place and it often occurs through extrinsic feedback. This can also occur through kinaesthetic awareness especially in highly skilled autonomous performers who know what a good performance feels like.