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HAEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BLOOD (Components (Plasma 55% 92-93% H2O 7%…
HAEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
BLOOD
Physical
characteristics
Viscosity
more viscous than water
Temperature
38 degrees
pH
alkaline (7.35-7.45)
8% of body weight
Volume
5-6L in male, 4-5L in female
hormonal negative feedback - maintain blood volume and osmotic pressure
Fluids of
the body
Blood
Plasma
Cells
Interstitial
nutrients and O2 diffuse from blood into interstitial fluid and into cells
wastes move in opposite direction
Function
Transportation
O2, CO2, metabolic waste, nutrients, heat, hormones
Regulation
pH (buffers), body temperature (coolant property of water, vasodilation of surface vessels to remove heat), water content (interactions with dissolved ions/proteins)
Protection
disease and loss of blood
Components
Plasma
55%
92-93% H2O
7%
plasma proteins
#
(created in liver)
2% electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, gases, waste products
Formed elements
45%
RBC (erythrocytes)
#
WBC (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Plasma proteins
Albumin
- smallest and most numerous, maintain osmotic pressure
Globulins
(immunoglobulins) - large proteins, different classes, antibodies bind to foreign substances (antigens), form antigen-antibody complexes
Fibrinogen
- large protein, coagulation
Haematocrit
percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC
adult ♂ - 40-54%. Testosterone stimulates synthesis of EPO → stimulate RBC production
adult ♀- 38-46%
Haemopoiesis
process of blood cell development
most components needs to be continually replaced as die within hours, days or weeks
embryo: yolk sac → liver → spleen → thymus → lymph nodes → red bone marrow
adult: red bone marrow of flat bones and epiphyseals of long bone
