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Lo2- key terms (Aerobic respiration (The respiration process involves…
Lo2- key terms
Aerobic respiration
The respiration process involves releasing energy for cells from glucose. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Alveoli
These are located within the lungs (at the end of bronchioles) and consist of tiny air sacs through which oxygen from the air gets into the blood and waste carbon
dioxide from the blood is removed out into the air.
Anaerobic
respiration
The respiration process involves releasing energy for cells from glucose. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
Asthma
A condition that causes shortness of breath and coughing; it affects both adults and children. It is caused by the inflammation of the bronchi tubes located within
the lungs that carry air in and out of the lungs. Common triggers include pollen and animal fur.
ATP
Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) refers to the form of energy required by cells for the respiration process
Bronchi
The left and right bronchi carry air to the lungs. When breathing, air first travels from the mouth or nose through to the larynx and then the trachea which then
carries the air to the bronchi.
Bronchioles
Bronchi then branch out into much smaller passageways of air to the lungs called bronchioles. At the end of these, there are tiny air sacs called alveoli.
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Cystic fibrosis
A genetic condition that causes the lungs and digestive system to become clogged with mucus; this causes difficulties with breathing and digesting food.
Diaphragm
A muscle located at the bottom of the lungs that separates the chest from the abdomen; it is central to the respiratory system.
Emphysema
A long-term progressive disease that causes damage to the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath and difficulties with breathing
Epiglottis
The epiglottis is located beneath the tongue, at the back of the throat. Its main function is to close over the trachea while eating, in order to prevent any food from
entering into the airways
Intercostal muscles
A group of muscles located between the ribs that are part of the respiratory system and facilitate the breathing process. There are two types of intercostal muscles:
internal (these muscles relax) and external (these muscles contract).
Larynx
The larynx is more commonly referred to as the voice box and is made up of tissue called cartilage; it connects the pharynx to the trachea in the neck. It consists of
three parts: the supraglottis, the glottis and the subglottis. Its main functions are to protect the trachea during swallowing, to enable the air that is breathed in to
reach the lungs and to enable sounds to be produced for speaking/singing
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Pleural membranes
The pleural membranes are part of the respiratory system and cover the surface of the lungs. They have two layers: an outer layer (lines the inside of the rib cage
and diaphragm) and an inner layer (lines the lungs); the space between the two layers contains fluid secreted by the pleural membranes thus allowing the lungs to
move easily during respiration.
Trachea
windpipe, the trachea connects the mouth and nose to the lungs. Air passes through the trachea as air is inhaled and exhaled.
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