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huma 1030 (2/2 (phonetics語音: produce sounds
phonology音韻: consonants and…
huma 1030
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9/2
- voice/ voiceless (glottis)
- aspirated/ unaspirated (glottis)
- oral/ nasal (軟齶）
- stop/ fricative /affricate（舌）
- rounder/ unrounded（lip)
monophthongs
the shape/ position of the tunnel
- vertical ( /i/ vs /a/ )
heed - hid - head - had
(low vowel) father - good - food(high vowel)
- horizontal ( /i/ vs /u/ )
(front) head- food (back)
(front) had - father (back)
- lip position
rounded / unrounded
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12/2
- lazy prounciation
- diacritics
- neutral sound / schwa ~ like 元音
- rounded are more popular
- stress
- tones
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5/2
intro
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words = smallest meaning units
syntax 句法
dialect 方言
need to remember speech organ
in class quiz( once per week) 25% ,
2 assignments 25%
use IPA in exam, not pinyin
passive(fixed speech organs)
and active(movable speech organ) articulaters
approximant like vowel, but not equal
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23/2
tones in cantonese
voiceless is higher than voiced, the vocing distinction dun serve to differentiate meaning
voiced strops/fricates/affricated -> voiceless -> reduce initials (deceiving)
-> total no. of tones: 8
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level, rising, departing, entering