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Central Dogma (RNA (Messenger RNA (Transported into the cytoplasm (from…
Central Dogma
RNA
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Messenger RNA
Transported into the cytoplasm (from the nucleus) and is translated to produce the correct order of amino acids in a protein
Transfer RNA
carries a specific amino acid at one end and an anticodon region that recognizes and binds mRNA at the other end
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DNA
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Nitrogenous bases are A, G, C, and T
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Can be in the form of plasmids (small, circular forms of DNA that are often used in genetic engineering)
Nitrogenous Bases
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Pyrimidines
Thymine, uracil, and cytosine (1 ring)
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Start codons are TAC (DNA) and AUG (RNA) Remember: the teacher sits on a TAC on the first day of school, which starts in AUGust
The 3 types of mutations are insertion (base pair is added), deletion (base pair is removed), and substitution (1 base pair is swapped with another). Insertion and deletion are usually more noticeable because they cause a frame shift (all the codons are different because the groups of three are different)
Wobble position (codons): a differing last base pair in a codon sometimes makes no difference what amino acid is coded for as long as the first two bases are the same
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