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Stomach 1 (Vomiting (emesis) (Active propulsion of stomach contents into…
Stomach 1
Vomiting (emesis)
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- Deep inspiration with simultaneous closure of trachea/nasal cavity (increases intra abdominal pressure via diaphragm)
- Forceful contraction of abdo muscles
- Cardiac sphincter opens and food propelled up oesophagus
- Upper oesophageal sphincter opens
Controlled by vomiting centre in medulla, stimulated by pharyngeal/gastric distension/irritation
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Gastric torsion
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Seals of cardiac sphincter, stomach distends further with gas
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Swallowing
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Food moulded into bolus by tongue, moved to pharynx (voluntary) then pressure-sensitive cells initiate swallowing (involuntary)
Soft palette forced up to seal nasal cavity,
Epiglottis closes of trachea
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Functional anatomy
Functions: Digestion, protection, storage, mechanical breakdown/mixing, initiation of protein digestion
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Innervation
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Parasymp, SVE/AA via recurrent laryngeal to cranial cervical oesophagus. AE/AA via vagus to caudal cervical/thoracic oesophagus
Regions of stomach
Embryological
- Oesophageal region
- Cardiac region
- Fundic region
- Pyloric region
Anatomical
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Corpus
- Pylorus
Motility
Prepare stomach to receive meal, mix/mechanically break down chyme, empty stomach
Receptive relaxation (initial relaxation of stomach smooth muscle from swallowing), regulated by swallowing centre via vagus (neurotransmitter=Vasoactive inhibitory peptide)
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