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Chemistry in everyday life (Tranquilizer (Side effects (Headache, Weight…
Chemistry in everyday life
Drugs
Pharmacological effect
Analgesic to kill pain
Antibiotics
Antiseptics to arrest growth
Of bacteria
Action of drugs
Painkillers
Antiarthritis medicines
Chemical structure
Drugs with similar chemical structures
may have similar phar. Effect
Sulphomides with similar chemical structure
Antibacterial activity
Molecular targets
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Narcotic drugs
Produce depression in central nervous system
Relieve pain instantly
Uses
Reduce pain due to fractures, post
operative pain, pain due to burns
Examples
Morphine, codein, heroin
Non narcotic drugs
Do not produce depression in
Central nervous system
Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
Examples
Aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen,
methyl salicylate
Tranquilizer
Substance used to relieve, reduce mental stress
and anxiety
Side effects
Headache
Weight gain
Discomfort
Blurring of vision
Barbiturates
Condensation of urea and
malonic acid
Act on Central nervous system
Control hypertension and depression
Hypnotic and produce sleep
Inhibits enzymes which cause degradation
of noradrenaline hormone
Uses
Treat mental tension, anxiety
Treat mania and insomnia
Treat feeling of discomfort
Antibiotics
Drug derived from living matter
Kills and prevents growth of
other micro organisms
Examples
Penicillin, chloramphenicol
Antiseptics
Applied to living tissues
to kill bacteria and stop
their growth
Prevents infection
Examples
Iodoform, boric acid,
phenol, hydrogen peroxide
Preservation of food
Removal of heat
Refrigeration, freezing preservation,
dehydrofreezing, carbonation freezing
Addition of heat
Pasteurization, sterilization,
canning, heat processing
Removal of water
Sun drying, low temperature evaporation
freeze drying, puff drying
Irradiation
Antioxidants
React with free radicals
generated by oxidation of food
Prevent further oxidation
Examples
Butylated hydroxy anisole,
Butylated hydroxy toluene
Detergents
Cationic detergents
Quaternary ammonium salts of
amines with chlorides, acetates, bromides as anions
Examples
n hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
Anionic detergents
Sodium salts of sulphonated long chains of
alkyl hydrogen sulphates
Sodium salts of long chain alkyl
benzene suphonic acids
Examples
Sodium n dodecyl benzene sulphonate
Non ionic detergents
Do not contain ion in the chain
Example
Pentaeryhrityl stearate