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Utilitarianism Violet and Ellie (Peter 👩🎤 (Radicalism (“Singer’s…
Utilitarianism Violet and Ellie
🔑 Words
Principle of Utility
An action produces the most happiness for the greatest number people
Act Utilitarianism
Individual actions should be judged according to the principle of utility
Rule Utilitarianism
Moral rules should be judged according to the principle of utility
Hedonistic
Creating happiness
Pleasure/happy = avoiding pain + suffering
Jeremy Bentham
The Hedonic calulus
Duration
Intensity
Propinquity
Extent
Purity
Fecundity
(PIPED CF) - To remember
Act Utilitarianism
Peter 👩🎤
‘The system of meat production causes great sufferring’
believed animals were sentient and had valid interests (are we speciesist?)
Preference Utilitarianism
A good action is one that serves the best interests of those affected
Radicalism
“Singer’s principle is, “If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it.”
Also, morally responsible for the things you don’t do (what you could have done) E.g. you could have given 2 pints of blood instead of 1
"The notion of what makes a better person is secondary to the right thing to do"
John Stuart Mill
lower pleasures are physical and higher pleasures are intellectual . Quanity over quality
Rule Utilitarianism
Greatest Happiness Principle – Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to promote unhappiness
Hedonistic Utilitarianism- “a pig philosophy fit only for swine” – J.s Mill
Pleasure is not the same as happiness
There are two main differences between pleasure and happiness
Pleasure- Gratification
Happiness- Satisfaction
Pleasure- Pursued as an end in its own right
Happiness- an indirect by product of another activity
Susan Wolf
-An ethically perfect world would be boring
Criticisms
Macintyre argues humans who kill in one situation are more likely to kill another
Plantinga argues its danger ours to violate the sanctity of life
