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Oral Mucosa Immunity(7) (Periodon-titis Periodontium (Structures around…

- - - - 1) Barriers (Skin / Mucosa)
      - 2) Cells (NK, Macrophages, NKT, Neutrophils, Dendritic) Lymphoid / Myeloid Progenitor from Marrow
      - 3) Anti-microbial peptides
      - 4) Complements (Promote inflammation, Attack plasma membrane, Identify pathogen to phagocyte) Tagging of particle for phagocytosis, cause antibodies to be more effective
      - 5) Pro-inflammatory Cytokines (Chemokines - cause cell migration)
      - Phagocytic Cells
        
        Professional
        
        PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
        
        Monocytes
        
        Macrophages
        
        Dendritic cells
        
        Langerhans (In Gingival epipthelium)
        
        Non-professional
        
        Epithelial
        
        Fibroblasts
      - Antigen Presenting Cells
        
        Professional
        
        Dendritic cells
        
        Macrophages
        
        B cells
        
        Non-professional
        
        Fibroblast
  - - - T-Cells: (Cell-mediated immunity)
        
        No Antibodies
        
        Activate Phagoytes & NK
        
        Helper T-Cells
        
        CD4 (glycoprotein)
        
        TH 1 / 2/ 17
        
        Cytotoxic T-cells
        
        CD8 (glycoprotein)
      - B Cells: Humoral Immunity (Anti-bodies)
        
        Antibody bind to antigen, neutralize function or clear
        
        e.g. IgA (immunoglobulin/antibody) found in colostrum, milk and saliva
- - - - TLR4: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      - Example: TLR2: LTA of Gram+ve bacteria
      - Example: TLR4: LPS of Gram-ve bacteria
      - TLR2: Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA)
      - TLR1: Lipopeptides
      - TLR3: Double-stranded RNA
- - - - Initial Acute: Physiological
        
        Defense mechanism
        
        Gingivitis
        
        Plaque removal resolution
      - Chronic: Non-physiologic / Pathological
      - Physiological Response to
        
        Noxious stimuli
        
        Heat
        
        Bacteria
        
        Chemical
    - - Adaptive Immunity
        
        Plasma cells
        
        T Lymphocytes
        
        TH1 Gingival response
        
        TH2 Progression
        
        TH17 Protective
        
        B Lymphocytes
        
        MAMPs/PRRs
      - Innate Immunity
        
        Macrophages
        
        Lymphocytes
        
        Neutrophils
        
        Mast cells
        
        Complements
        
        MAMPs/PRRs