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Respiration (Anaerobic Respiration/Fermination-Occurs when oxygen is…
Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration/Fermination-Occurs when oxygen is unavailable or cannot be used by the organism
Goes through glycolysis-produces pryvuate-pryvuate enters Krebs Cycle-produces NADH2, FADH2 and some ATP
ETC-There is no oxygen available so electrons do not pass down the chain, causes a buildup of NADH-NAD+ during oxidative phosphorylation is never produced-In order for glycolysis to proceed to the pryvuate stage, it needs NAD+,
NAD+ is recycled from NADH by movement of electrons down the ETC to pryvuate (fermination)
Alcohol Fermination-Occurs in fungi,yeast, and some bacteria, conversion of pryvuate into two 2-carbon acetaldehyde molecules-converted into ethanol
Lactic Acid Fermination-Occurs in human and animal muscle cells when oxygen is not available, pryvuate is reduced to lactate by NADH to regenrate NAD+ needed for resumption of glycolysis
Fermination-Process that begins with glycolysis and ends when NAD+ is regenerated ,produces two net ATP per glucose, less ATP
Glycolysis-Occurs in cytoplasm, beginning of aerobic and anaerobic respiration,
1.Glucose molecule is broken down through a series of reactions into two molecules of a pyruvate
Oxygen is not part of glycolysis
An environment lacking oxygen slows down glycolysis since cells run out of NAD+ and causes build up of NADH in cells
Glycolysis requires NAD+ to function
Femrination-Takes excess NADH that builds up and converts it to NAD+
1.Requires energy input-produces glucose-6-phosphate
2.G6P rearranges to form fructose-6-phosphate
3.ATP adds another phosphate group to make Fructose 1, 6-biphosphate
4.F6P splits into PGAL (two 3-carbon long fragments)
5.PGAL starts energy production
Energy Production Steps 1.Each PGAL takes on an inorganic phosphate from the cytoplasm-produces 1,3-diphosphoglycerate-gives up two electrons and a hydrogen to NAD+ to form NADH 2.1,3-disphophoglycerate donate their two phosphates to ADP to produce ATP and 3PG 3.-Single molecule of glucose divides into two 3-carbon long fragments 4.-3PG reaaranges to form PEP
Krebs Cycle-aka citric acid cycle, occurs in matrix of mitochondria, a pyruvate is broken down into H2O and CO2
1.-Pyruvate enters mitochondria and is converted to CoA-produces NADH-NADH is now ready to enter the Krebs Cycle-8 steps
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GLYCOLYSIS FROM ONE GLUCOSE MOLECULE YIELDS 2 PYRUVATE, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
EACH PYRUVATE YIELDS 4NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2
GLUCOSE YIELDS 38 ATP-36 TOTAL~TWO ATP MOLECULES ARE USED TO MOVE NADH TO THE MITOCHONDRIA DURING AEROBIC RESPIRATION