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Unit 8 Growth and Differentiation (tumor suppressor gene (takes 2 hits to…
Unit 8 Growth and Differentiation
tumor suppressor gene
takes 2 hits to become cancerous
activates apoptosis and stops cell cycle
loss of function
oncogenes
takes 1 hit to become cancerous
stimulates cell growth and division
mutated proto-oncogene
induced pluripotent stem cells
created artificially by adult stem cells
immune system will not reject
ability to become any kind of cell
embryonic stem cell
derived from embryos (fertilized eggs)
immune system may reject
ability to become any kind of cell
therapeutic cloning
cloned ES cells
immune system will not reject
ability to become any kind of cell
mitosis
each cell contains same amount of DNA
genetically identical
two daughter diploid cells
meiosis
each cell contains half the DNA of parent cell
not genetically identical
four daughter haploid cells
crossing over
sister chromatids exchange different segments of genetic material
occurs in prophase I and metaphase I
forms recombinant chromosomes
planaria
can fully regenerate its body by differentiation of stem cells
has neoblasts (adult stem cells)
when head cut off, regenerates into two worms