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Lecture Recording 3 (Review of Foundational Principles (All humans are…
Lecture Recording 3
Review of Foundational Principles
All humans are endowed with these rights because of their humanity
Human rights are universal
All people are equal
Rights adhere to the individual
Human rights encompass the fundamental principles of humanity (i.e., right to life, freedom from slavery, freedom from torture) and are absolute
Promotion and protection of human rights are not bound by territories of nation-states
4 principles -
used in "Alma Ata" Declaration
primary health care
call to action
broad definition of health ** not just absence of disease, not just stopping nazi doctors,
acknowledge health ineguality
affirming government responsibilities for ethical and humanitarian engagement
Reaction : a lot of people disagree. Don't think that these people / UN should determine what is health
World Bank --
Key Terms: ** Globalization - Institutionalization of ethics by international bodies. p5 - 2nd Para.
helped form the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (article 25)
consensus statement - by nations to establish ethical basis. previously left to nation states. First attempt to say it is not gov, it is not religion, but there is a consensus on ethics.
Government - is a normative system at that time. Everybody have to follow somebody's system. Threat: Human rights - people have the right to migrate.
Universal, minimum standard of protection (not to aggravate people too much), try to set it as low as possible.
Article 25 - suppose to be minimum standard but standards are quite high to attain (even for US).
Alma Ata took up these standards and created a broader movement
Rights and Individual Focused
Ethical - Academic, why?
Tenure
Academic IRB doesn't have motivation to abdicate their ethical responsibilities vs private IRB.
normative systems
Government of laws
ethics
church
Globalization of Ethics **
Institutionalization
pronouncements made by international organization. if you can name an international declaration, you have covered ethics. It is not a rule book and it is not a legal standard.
harris concern about institutionalization and globalization. sound bites, not well thought out. all kinds of ethical standards and claiming it answers the questions. institutionalization inadequately conduct moral reasoning.