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Functional groups
José Antonio Lance Mandujano
Malinalli Fuentes Abad
…
Functional groups
José Antonio Lance Mandujano
Malinalli Fuentes Abad
Gustavo Enrique Rodríguez Hernández
Ether
-Oxygen atom linked to two hydrocarbon radicals -Soluble in alcohol. -Volatile liquids, light and flammable
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Acyl Chloride
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- The -OH group has been replaced by a chlorine atom. -Reacts violently with water. -Can form hydrogen bonds with other compounds. -Boiling and melting points are lower than the ones of the carboxylic acid
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Aldehyde
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-Soluble on water -aldehydes are more reactive than ketones and are good reducing agents -They generally have unpleasant odors.
Amine
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- Presence of nitrogen. -Basic compounds. -Elevated boiling points. -They are able to hydrogen bonds. -They have solubility in water.
Ketone
-Carbon is covalently bonded to oxygen -The small ones have a pleasant smell, the medium ones have a strong and unpleasant odor, and the larger ones are odorless. -the boiling point is greater than that of alkanes of the same molecular weight, but lower than that of alcohols and carboxylic acids under the same conditions.
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Alcohol
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-Presence of an -OH group. -Higher boiling points . -They are polar. - Difference in the electronegativity of C and O.
Alkene
If the carbon chain gets bigger, the compound will have a higher melting point - Is going to be a gas if has 4 or less carbons, if it has between 5 and 15 is going to be a liquid but if it has more than 15 is going to be solid
Lower density than the water - They react to the oxygen like the alkanes do but also they give off energy (heat) - They are highly combustible
Haloalkane
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In hydrolysis produce alcohols - They can be dissolved in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride
Nitrile
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-They show electronegativity. - Their boiling points are between 82-118 °C. -They are high soluble in water.
Carboxylic Acid
-Soluble on water -Polar -They can bond with water -High boiling points -Contain a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)
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Arene
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-They are aromatic hydrocarbons. - They are insoluble in water. -Based on benzene rings. -Methylbenzene :a methyl groups attached to the benzene ring
Alkyne
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They have the same reaction as the oxygen has with the alkenes, the difference is that with the alkynes, it give off more energy - Lower density than the alkenes
Amide
-One of the chemical properties of amides is polarity. These are polar due to the presence of the C = O group.
-They present high boiling points and form double hydrogen bridges -They are used in many syntheses
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