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MICROBIO (Chapter ! (Major fields of microbiology (microbial ecology…

- - - - maggots and meat, discredit
    - - Mutton broth -->boiled-->sealed = growth
    - - broth --> seal-->boil, = no microbs
    - - discredit, swan neck flask; prevents microbs from enter
      - pasturization; linking disease and microbs
      - Pasteur and Roux
        
        Attenuation - incubate for long intervals btw tranfer weakened pathogen
      - developed vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies
    - - clean area and instruments prevent infection
      - more patients lived
    - - Bacillis anthracis - anthrax
      - teacher was henle
      - Postulates
        
        establishes link btw microorganism and disease
        
        1) compare healthy vs infected
        
        2) obtain pure culture from sick
        
        3) infect animal with pure culture
        
        4) same microorganism must be isolated again
        
        Limitations
        
        some organisms cannot be pure culture
        
        using humans is unethical
        
        molecular and genetic evidence can be better
      - LED TO DISCOVER + DEVELOPE
        
        agar
        
        Petri dishes
        
        nutrient broth and agar broth
        
        method to isolate microorganisms
        
        OTHER Discoveries
        
        Charles Chamberland
        
        porceiain bacterial filters
        
        ivanoski and beij used to find tobacco mosaic disease
        
        1 more item...
  - - - MIcros in Dust
      - heat resistant bacteria
    - - Endospores
    - - silk worm disease by fungi
    - - potato blit, disease from water mold
    - - snut/ rust fungi + cereal crop disease
  - - - vaccine for smallpox
      - linked microorganisms - disease
  - - - disease, water, food, industrial
    - - genomic sequensing and analysis
  - - - food, medication and fermentation.
    - - disease of humans and animals
    - - control and spread of communicable disease
    - - how to protect host from pathogens, immunity
    - - relationship of environment and organism
      - <1% of microbial world cultured
    - - metabolic pathway of microbs
    - - how genetics regulated develop and function of organisms
- - - - dark image on bright backgroud
      - objective lenses
        
        parifocal
        
        magnification depends on objective and ocular
    - - image from light reflected or refracted by specimen
      - bright image/ dark BG
      - observe unstained, living organisms
        
        eurkaryotes internal structure
        
        bacteria , treponima pallidum
    - - different light intensities/ from cell density
      - diff refractive index
- - - - coccus
      - bacillus
      - spirillum
      - PLEOMORPHISM
        
        Variation in shape in cells of a single species
      - vibrios = comma shape
      - mycelium- long multinucleate filaments