U.S. (Navistar, Paccar, Mack), Germany (MAN, Daimler), Sweden (Volvo, Scania), Finland (Sisu), the Netherlands (DAF), Italy, (Iveco, Astra), Russia (GAZ, Kamaz), China (FAW, Dongfeng, Beiqi Foton, CNHTC Sinotruck), Japan (Hino, Isuzu, UD Trucks,), Korea (Hyundai, Daewoo) and India (Tata, Ashok Leyland, Eicher)
The home bases of these manufacturers differed in both macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions, level of Economic prosperity as well as in terms of the regulatory environment.