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Clostridia (Clostridium perfringens (Necrotic enteritis (Associated with…
Clostridia
Clostridium perfringens
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Toxins
Major toxins: Alpha, beta, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin (CPE), Beta-2, NetB
Minor toxins: Theta, delta, gamma, kappa, lambda, Mu, Nu, sialidase
Alpha - Phospholipase. Necrotic, haemolytic, cytolytic. W/ theta toxin causes gas gangrene
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Beta - Heat labile pore forming + Capillary permeability. Demonecrotic & cytotoxic. Plasmid encoded. Sensitive to trypsin.
Epsilon - Pore-forming toxin, plasmid encoded. Activated by trypsin. +Permeability in intestine, kidneys, pericardium, lungs & brain. Affinity for kidneys.
Classification
Type B - Lamb dysentery, bovine enterotoxaemia, bovine & equine haemorrhagic enteritis. Alpha, beta, epsilon toxins
Type C - Necrotic enteritis in piglets. Alpha, beta toxins
Type A - Necrotic enteritis (chickens), gas gangrene, food poisoning/diarrhoea. alpha toxin
Type D - Pulpy kidney disease in lambs, enterotoxaemia in sheep, goats and cattle. Alpha, epsilon toxins
Type E - Rabbit enterotoxaemia. Alpha, iota toxins
Necrotic enteritis
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Poor weight gain, so reduced live weight at slaughter
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Treatment - Antimicrobials (pen, tet, linco & erthyromycin)
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Dietary risk factors - High protein, high viscocity, non-digestible polysaccs
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Neurotoxins
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C. botulinum, C.baratii & C. butryricum
Seven types of toxin. ABCDEFG. ABE-People, CD-Animals. Antigenically and serologically distinct, structurally similar
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Horse with botulism more comfortable standing, colic more comfortable lying down. In colic analgesia effective, in botulism is not.
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