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Physical & Chemical Properties- (ALCOHOLS (Soluble in water, Very long…
Physical & Chemical Properties-
CARBOXYLID ACID
Colorless liquids with disagreeable odors
Produced by the action of skin bacteria on human sebum (skin oils)
Exhibit strong hydrogen bonding between molecules
High boiling points
Solubility decreases with molar mass.
Having one to four carbon atoms are completely miscible with water.
ALKYNES
Non-polar molecule
Name: -yne
It smells
Ethyne, propine, butyne
Higher boling points
Triple bond
Lighter than water
HALOALKANES
Name: -halo
Increase of mass= increase of mass halogen atom =higher boiling points
Insoluble in water
Increase of mass= increase of mass halogen atom= more density
Haloalkane + H20= Alcohol
KETONE
Higly polar
More carbons= boiling point increases
Liquid
Small ones are soluble in water
ALDEHYDES
double bond between carbon and oxygen
pleasant odours
they are derived from alcohols by dehydrogenation
useful as solvents and perfume ingredients
ALKENE
Double bond between carbon
Lighter than water
Insoluble in water
More molecular mass, means more boiling point
Burns completely= C02 + H20
Burns incompletely= CO + C + H2O
Name: -ene
ALCOHOLS
Soluble in water
Very long hydrocarbon chain= boiling point increase
Very long hydrocarbon chain= less solubility
Bigger molecules= more voscosity
More molecular mass= less flammability
Burns in oxygen = CO2 + H2O
Dehydration of alcohols = Heating with concentrated sulfuric acid
Name: -ol
ALKANE
Insoluble in H2O
Dissolve in organic solvents
Single bonds
Combustion reaction
Name: -ane
Burns completely= C02 + H20
Burns incompletely= CO + C + H2O
ETHER
Gases at ordinary temperature or volatile liquids
Colorless
Pleasant aromatics
Weak polarity
Lower boiling point than alcohols
Less than 3 carbons= soluble in water
More carbons= less soluble
Soluble in organic compounds
ESTER
Lower boiling points
Polar
Dipole bounds
Small ones= soluble in wtaer
AMIDE
Mostly solids
5 to 6 carbons= soluble in water and neutral
Higher boiling and melting points than the alcohol
Polar
AMINE
Relatively high boiling points
Small ones= soluble in H2O
Gases
Fishy smell
NITRILE
boiling points measuring between 82-118 °C.
somewhat like colorless solids and liquids having unique odors
Nitriles exhibit strong dipole-dipole movements and also the van der Waals forces of dispersion between the molecules.
show high polar and electronegativity.
These are said to be highly soluble in water, and the solubility decreases as the length of chain increases.
ACYL CHLORIDE
Hydrocarbon group attached to a carbon-oxygen double bond
colourless fuming liquid.
it is impossible to get a simple aqueous solution of an acyl chloride
can't be said to dissolve in water because they react (often violently) with it.
extremely reactive
ARENES
aromatic hydrocarbons
only attractions between the neighbouing molecules are the van der Waals dispersion forces
pleasant smells
insoluble in water
higher boiling point