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TRANSPORT IN HUMANS (Coronary Heart disease (When the heart muscle cells…
TRANSPORT IN HUMANS
Coronary Heart disease
When the heart muscle cells are deprived of oxygen and glucose and poisonous wastes such as lactic acid buildup.
Part of the heart muscle stops contracting, causing a heart attack
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Treated by aspirin and surgery (stents, angioplasty, or by-pass)
Lymphatic System
Capillaries
Cells need oxygen and nutrients and produce waste products such as CO2 and useful products such as hormones.
Useful substances move out of plasma of capillaries into tissue fluid (fluid in between cells in tissues)
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- Substances diffuse between cells and tissue fluid
- Lymph vessels collected lymph and return it to the blood
- Tissue fluid returns to the capillaries by osmosis
Blood
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Plasma: transports blood cells, ions, soluble minerals, hormones, carbon dioxides, urea, plasma proteins
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Heartbeat
Electrical activity can be monitored by:
-an electrocardiogram
-pulse rate
-listening to the sounds of valves closing
Physical activity makes the heart beat more quickly and more deeply, for an increased circulation of blood so that more oxygen and glucose can get to the muscle quickly
- All chambers are relaxed and blood flows into the heart
- Atria contract, pushing blood into ventricles
- After atria relax, ventricles contract, pushing blood out of the heart
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Fibronogen turns to fibrin and forms a mesh to trap red blood cells, which eventually dries to form a scab.
Immune System
Phagocyte
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engulf pathogen, vesicles fuse with vacuole and enzymes digest the bacteria
antigen: protein, carbohydrate on surface of pathogen with provokes the immune system
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